162. 【Challenge You: First listen to the music piece "musicguess32". The music piece is the first movement of a very famous piano sonata. Who wrote this sonata? What is the SONATA NO. and NICKNAME of this sonata? How many piano sonatas had this composer written?（先細聽音樂片斷《musicguess32》，這片斷是一部十分著名鋼琴奏鳴曲的第1樂章。是誰創作這部奏鳴曲？是他的「第幾號」奏鳴曲？奏鳴曲的「別名」是甚麼？這個作曲家作有多少部鋼琴奏鳴曲？）】(posted 2021.2.7)
Accept challenge? Put your answer in
and get my response!
 (Mendelssohn, 1809-1847) |
A pity, no one attempts! Answer: Mendelssohn wrote this symphony. It is his 《Symphony No.4 "Italian"》. Mendelssohn had written 5 symphonies. （這是孟德爾遜的作品，是他的《第4交響曲「意大利」》。他作有5部交響曲。）
 (Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：這是柴可夫斯基的《B小調第6交響曲，作品74「悲愴」》（Symphony No.6 in B minor, Op.74 "Pathetique"）。
 (Rachmaninov, 1873-1943) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：這個作曲家是拉赫曼尼諾夫，出生於俄羅斯。他共作有4部鋼琴協奏曲。
 (Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：它們是：《C小調第5交響曲，作品67「命運」》（Symphony No.5 in C minor, Op.67 "Fate"），《C小調第3鋼琴協奏曲，作品37》（Piano Concerto No.3 in C minor, Op.37）及《C小調第8鋼琴奏鳴曲，作品13「悲愴」》（Piano Sonata No.8 in C minor, Op.13 "Pathetique"）。
 (Dvorak, 1841-1904) |
 (Mozart, 1756-1791) |
 (Schubert, 1797-1828) |
 (Bach, 1685-1750) |
 (Schumann, 1810-1856) |
 (Elgar, 1857-1934) |
 (Haydn, 1732-1809) |
 (Sibelius, 1865-1957) |
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：1-J, 2-E, 3-B, 4-C, 5-G, 6-I, 7-H, 8-A, 9-D, 10-F
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：貝多芬最後一部弦樂四重奏是他的第16號弦樂四重奏：《String Quartet No.16 in F major, Op.135》。他的第7、8、9號弦樂四重奏均以 "Rasumovsky Quartet"為別名。
 (Ding Shan-de, 1911-1995) |
 (Bruch, 1838-1920) |
 (Holst, 1874-1934) |
 (Johann Strauss II, 1825-1899) |
 (Berlioz, 1803-1869) |
(Dvorak, 1841-1904) |
 (Bernstein, 1918-1990) |
 (Vivaldi, 1678-1741) |
 (Bizet, 1838-1875) |
 (Borodin, 1833-1887) |
 (Rimsky-Korsakov, 1844-1908) |
 (Handel, 1685-1759) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：韓德爾：《彌賽亞》（Messiah）／林姆斯基-高沙可夫：《天方夜譚》（Scheherazade）／鮑羅定：《韃靼舞曲》(自《伊果王子》)（Polovtsian Dances (from Prince Igor)）／比才：《卡門》（Carmen）／韋華第：《四季協奏曲》（The Four Seasons）／伯恩斯坦：《夢斷城西》（West Side Story）／德伏扎克：《新世界交響曲》（"From the New World" Symphony）／白遼士：《幻想交響曲》（Symphonie fantastique）／小約翰史特勞斯：《藍色多瑙河》（The Blue Danube）／霍爾斯特：《行星組曲》（The Planets）／布魯赫：《G小調第1小提琴協奏曲》（Violin Concerto No.1 in G minor）／丁善德：《長征交響曲》（Long March Symphony）。
154. 【舊問題：看影片答問題：請以全螢幕細心觀看YouTube影片 中樂隊的演奏。你能說出樂曲「管樂器」（wind instruments）的配器（即不同管樂器各用多少支）嗎？樂隊中有多少個低音大提琴（double bass）？有多少個定音鼓（timpani）？】(posted 2020.3.12)
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲管樂器的配器：長笛、單簧管、雙簧管、低音管、小號各2支；圓號3支。樂隊中有4個低音大提琴，2個定音鼓。
153. 【舊問題：試解釋以下各名詞：obbligato, ostinato, recapitulation, sinfonietta, tempo primo。】(posted 2020.2.25)
無人試答，可惜！答案：1. obbligato: 必須的，不可缺少的（an important part for an instrument in a piece of music which cannot be left out）。2. ostinato: 頑固低音。低音部主題繼續反復四至八小節時，謂之頑固低音或基礎低音。3. recapitulation: 奏鳴曲式中的再現部。4. sinfonietta: 小交響曲。5. tempo primo: 初速，原速。即按照當初的速度唱奏。
 (Huang Tzu, 1904-1938) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：歌曲的名字是《天倫歌》，作曲者是黃自。他作的中國第一部管弦樂作品的名字是《懷舊》。他作的中國第一部清唱劇作品的名字是《長恨歌》。（《天倫歌》的全曲歌詞：人皆有父，翳我獨無？人皆有母，翳我獨無？白雲悠悠，江水東流。小鳥歸去已無巢，兒欲歸去已無舟，何處覓源頭？何處覓源頭？莫道兒是被棄的羔羊，莫道兒已哭斷了肝腸！人世的慘痛，豈僅是失了爹娘？奮起啊，孤兒，警醒吧！迷途的羔羊。收拾起痛苦的呻吟，獻出你赤子的心情，老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼，收拾起痛苦的呻吟，獻出你赤子的心情，服務犧牲，服務犧牲，捨己為人無薄厚。浩浩江水，靄靄白雲，莊嚴宇宙亙古存，大同博愛，共享天倫！）
 (Delius, 1862-1934) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是英國（出生地）作曲家戴流士。他這部著名歌劇是《鄉村羅密歐與朱麗葉》（A Village Romeo and Juliet）。
(Handel, 1685-1759) |
A pity, no one attempts! Answer: The name of this music piece is "Hallelujah Chorus" (《哈利路亞大合唱》). The name of the oratorio is "Messiah" (《彌賽亞》), written by the German composer Handel (韓德爾).
(Borodin, 1833-1887) |
A pity, no one attempts! Answer: The name of this music piece is "Polovtsian Dances" (《韃靼舞曲》). The name of the opera is "Prince Igor" (《伊果王子》), written by the Russian composer Borodin (鮑羅定).
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
A pity, no one attempts! Answer: This music piece comes from the German composer Beethoven's work. The name of the work is "Bagatelle in A minor, WoO 59 "Für Elise"" （給愛麗絲）. Beethoven had written 32 piano sonatas.
 (Saint-Saens, 1835-1921) |
A pity, no one attempts! Answer: This music piece comes from the French composer Saint-Saens' work. The name of the work is "The Carnival of the Animals" （動物嘉年華會／動物狂歡節）. Cello is the major solo instrument of the music piece. It represents the swan.
 (Chen Gang 1935-) |
 (He Zhanhao 1933-) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：這段音樂出自《梁祝小提琴協奏曲》（The Butterfly Lovers Violin Concerto），中國作曲家何占豪、陳鋼的創作。故事概要：祝英台女扮男裝求學認識梁山伯，學成後兩人於歸途分別前，祝英台多番向梁山伯暗示自己原是女兒身，唯梁山伯仍未能知曉。祝英台向梁稱家中有一妹待嫁，著梁往祝家求親。祝英台返家後遭迫婚嫁馬家，祝雖抗婚唯不如願。梁山伯到訪祝家方知祝英台是女兒及得知她已許配馬家，梁回家後傷心過度一病不起！祝英台出嫁之日路過梁墳哭墳，墓穴將開，祝英台一躍而下，墳墓復合，梁、祝化蝶而出，翩翩飛去。
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：是貝多芬的《C小調第5交響曲，作品67》（Symphony No.5 in C minor, Op.67）的第1樂章，作品的別名是「命運」（Fate）。他作有9部交響曲。
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：這是柴可夫斯基（Tchaikovsky）的作品，作品叫《天鵝湖》（Swan Lake）。他共作有3部同類（芭蕾舞劇）作品，他其餘兩部同類作品的名字是《睡美人》（The Sleeping Beauty）及《胡桃夾子》（The Nutcracker）。
(Mozart, 1756-1791) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：這是莫扎特的作品，是他的《A大調第11鋼琴奏鳴曲，K331》（Piano Sonata No.11 in A major, K331）。樂章的名字是「Alla turca. Allegretto」。
(Dvorak, 1841-1904) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：這部交響曲的別名是「新世界」（From the New World），是德伏扎克的《第9交響曲》。這個樂章中的獨奏管樂器叫「英國管」（English horn / cor anglais）。
(Schubert, 1797-1828) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：這是奧地利作曲家舒伯特的別名為「鱒魚五重奏」（Trout Quintet）的作品，其配器為鋼琴、小提琴、中提琴、大提琴及低音大提琴。他的《第9交響曲》別名為「偉大」（Great）。
 (Britten, 1913-1976) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是英國作曲家布列頓。他寫給Rostropovich的作品是《大提琴交響曲》（Cell Symphony）。他那部融入了Owen的詩歌的大型管弦樂作品是《戰爭安魂曲》（War Requiem）。他最後一部歌劇叫《魂斷威尼斯》（Death in Venice）。他那部老少咸宜的單樂章管弦樂作品是《青少年管弦樂指南》（The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra）。
(Mozart, 1756-1791) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：「post horn」，中譯：郵角，即郵政號角之意，一種郵政馬車用的無鍵短號。管弦樂《Posthorn》是莫扎特的作品：《Serenade for Orchestra No. 9 in D major K. 320 "Posthorn"》。作品的配器：2 flutes, piccolo, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, post horn, timpani and strings。作品共7個樂章，有「Posthorn」的別名是因為在第6樂章「Minuetto – Trio 1 and 2」中的Trio 2用了post horn作為獨奏樂器，因而有Posthorn的別名。
 (Ravel, 1875-1937) |
 (Mussorgsky, 1839-1881) |
多謝 Answer (**請你留言Message #1,260(old)) 試答！他的答案：Modest Mussorgsky is a Russian composer. He composed–'Pictures from an Exhibition.”It is a remembrance of Viktor Hartmann, the artist who gave him his 2 pictures. It is his most famous showpiece for virtuoso pianists. With Maurice Ravel's arrangement produced by other musicians and composers, “Pictures from an Exhibition” was further known through various orchestrations and arrangements.
The suite of ten pieces of Mussorgsky's 'Pictures from an Exhibition” are : -
1. The Gnome
2. The Old Castle
3. Children's Quarrel after Games
4. Cattle
5. Ballet of Unhatched Chicks
6. "Samuel" Goldenberg and 'Schmuÿle"
7. Limoges. The Market (The Great News)
8. Catacombs (Roman Tomb) – With the Dead in a Dead Language
9. The Hut on Hen's Legs (Baba Yaga)
10. The Bogatyr Gates (In the Capital in Kiev)
我的回應：Good! Basically, you have answered the various parts of the question correctly! The following is my presentation of the answer in Chinese for the sake of clarity and easy understanding:
《展覽會之畫》（組曲）是俄國作曲家穆索斯基1874年的作品，原為鋼琴獨奏曲，後經拉威爾等（以拉氏的最著名）編為管弦樂。1873年，穆之密友，建築師兼繪畫家的哈德曼（Hartmann），以39歲的壯年急病去世，穆及一美術家將他生前所作水彩畫及設計圖等作品，舉行一次遺作展覽會，以示哀悼和紀念。本曲十段音樂，即描寫其中十幅繪畫：
1 The Gnome (侏儒)
2 The Old Castle (古堡)
3 Tuileries (Children's Quarrel after Games) (御花園)
4 Cattle (牛車)
5 Ballet of Unhatched Chicks (雛雞之舞)
6 Samuel Goldenberg and Schmuyle (猶太人)
7 Limoges. The Market (The Great News) (市場)
8 Catacombs (Roman Tomb); with the Dead in a Dead Language (墓窟)
9 The Hut on Hen's Legs (Baba Yaga) (女巫的小屋)
10 The Bogatyr Gates (In the Capital in Kiev/The Great Gate of Kiev) (基輔城門)
 (Shostakovich, 1906-1975) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是蕭斯達高維契（Shostakovich, 1906-1975），俄國（前蘇聯）人。他作有15部交響曲、15部弦樂四重奏。
 (Tailleferre, 1892-1983) |
 (Durey, 1888-1979) |
 (Auric, 1899-1983) |
 (Milhaud, 1892-1974) |
 (Honegger, 1892-1955) |
 (Poulenc, 1899-1963) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：Les Six的成員是：普朗克（Francis Poulenc, 1899-1963）、奧涅格（Arthur Honegger, 1892-1955）、米堯（Darius Milhaud, 1892-1974）、奧瑞（Georges Auric, 1899-1983）、迪雷（Louis Durey, 1888-1979）及塔耶弗爾（Germaine Tailleferre, 1892-1983）。當中只有前三者較多人認識。最著名的成員是普朗克。他們的音樂主張：他們都以埃里克·薩蒂（Erik Satie）為師，反對印象派和華格納派音樂。在風格上，他們大多傾向於新古典主義，創作旋律優雅，結構明晰的音樂。只有奧涅格一人較為與眾不同，風格傾向於德奧後浪漫主義。
(Ding Shan-de, 1911-1995) |
多謝 樂成 (**請你留言Message #1,208(old)) 試答！她的答案：《長征交響曲》的作者是 : 中国鋼琴家、音樂教育家、理論家、作曲家丁善德先生（1911－1995）的作品。
長征交響曲共有5個樂章：
1. 踏上征途
2. 紅軍，各族人民的親人
3. 飛奪瀘定橋
4. 翻雪山，過草地
5. 勝利會師
交響曲內容的歷史背景是 : 歌頌長征的英勇紅軍的英雄氣概和紅軍的革命斗爭的表現精神。
我的回應：答得非常好！我的補充：你答的「歷史背景」方面基本上答對，這裡只作如下補充：1933年10月，蔣介石調集50萬軍隊，對中央革命根據地發動第五次「圍剿」。最終中共錯誤指揮，讓紅軍傷亡重大，於是開始戰略轉移，就有了二萬五千里長征。另外，丁善德對他的作品曾有如下說明：「交响曲《长征》是我1962年完成的一部大型音乐作品。从开始酝酿到在谱纸上写完最后一个音符，前后花了三年多时间。在谱写这一作品的漫长日子里，中国工农红军二万五千里长征这一惊天动地、泣鬼神的伟大业绩，始终是催促和激励我努力写好这部交响曲的强大动力。」
 (Prokofiev, 1891-1953) |
(Ravel, 1875-1937) |
多謝 家奇 (**請你留言Message #1,185(old)) 試答！她的答案：（Piano Concerto for the Left Hand in D major，《左手鋼協》是為在戰爭中失去右臂的奧地利鋼琴家維特根斯坦（Paul Wittgenstein，1887-1961）而寫作的。
奧地利鋼琴家維特根斯坦一戰時，入伍服役，在俄羅斯對波蘭的一場突襲中失去了右臂。戰事結束後，他復出樂壇，練就僅用左手單手演出音樂會的過人本領，並委托法國作曲家拉威爾（Joseph-Maurice Ravel，1875-1937）、布列頓、和理查·施特勞斯德語：Richard Georg Strauss，1864年6月11日－1949年9月8日），德國作曲家、指揮家。為他量身訂做若幹獨奏和協奏曲目。
我的回應：答得相當不錯！我的補充：你答案中提到的法國作曲家拉威爾（Ravel, 1875-1937）寫有為Paul Wittgenstein而作的左手鋼協（作品是Piano Concerto in D major），這部份是對的。不過，你提及的其他作曲家並無為他寫有左手鋼協。另一位亦曾為Paul Wittgenstein寫有左手鋼協的是俄羅斯作曲家浦羅哥菲夫（Prokofiev, 1891-1953）（作品是Piano Concerto No.4 in B flat major）。鋼琴家Paul Wittgenstein於一戰中失去右臂，他向一些著名作曲家徵求寫作只用左手彈奏的鋼協，其中Ravel及Prokofiev為他寫了作品。不過，Wittgenstein於公開彈奏Ravel寫給他的作品時改動了原作，兩人因此而反目；而他從未彈奏Prokokiev寫給他的作品，理由是他並不理解作品。
 (Berg, 1885-1935) |
 (Schoenberg, 1874-1951) |
 (Webern, 1883-1945) |
多謝 先驅 (**請你留言Message #1,171(old)) 試答！她的答案：「新維也納樂派」（或稱第二维也纳樂派（Second Viennese School）」）代表的作曲家是：
1. 阿诺尔德·勋伯格（Arnold Schoenberg，1874—1951年），美籍奥地利人，和他的学生作曲家
2. 贝尔格，生于1885年，奥地利人。
3. 韦伯恩，（Anton von Webern，1883年12月3日－1945年9月15日），奥地利人。
他們的音樂“革命” 性的“帶頭” 主張自由無調性、包括十二音技法、整體序列、具體音樂、偶然音樂、絕大多數的电子音樂及其他。
a) 解放、瓦解陳規的“調性音樂”
b) 開始書寫新篇章、歷来”無調性”的音樂、
c) 貢獻 “不協和音的音樂解放”。
d) 徹底改觀音樂創作的思維方式，
e) 同等對待平均律十二個音，
從根本上改變了幾百年來“以協和音為中心，不協和音必
我的回應：答得非常好！這題問題與【舊問題132】的答案基本上相同。（因此兩題的作曲家相片也是一樣。）
(Berg, 1885-1935) |
(Schoenberg, 1874-1951) |
(Webern, 1883-1945) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是奧地利作曲家魏本，他師從作曲家荀白克，與他一起師從荀白克還有貝爾格，都是奧國作曲家。他們主張「十二音序作曲法」、棄用傳統「調性音樂風格」而革命性採用「無調性音樂風格」。
(Mozart, 1756-1791) |
 (Brahms, 1833-1897) |
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
(Mendelssohn, 1809-1847) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：A小調：孟德爾遜的「第3」「蘇格蘭」（Scottish）；B小調：柴可夫斯基的「第6」「悲愴」（Pathetique）（或舒伯特的「第8」「未完成」（Unfinished））；C小調：貝多芬的「第5」「命運」（Fate）（或布拉姆斯的「第1」）；D小調：貝多芬的「第9」「合唱」（Choral）；E小調：布拉姆斯的「第4」（或德伏扎克的「第9」「新世界」（From the New World）／或柴可夫斯基的「第5」）；F小調：柴可夫斯基的「第4」；G小調：莫扎特的「第40」。
(Handel, 1685-1759) |
(Bach, 1685-1750) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：神劇作品：巴哈：《Christmas Oratorio》、《Easter Oratorio》；韓德爾：《Messiah》、《Israel in Egypt》。歌劇作品：巴哈：沒有歌劇作品；韓德爾：《Rinaldo》、《Alessandro》。
(Schubert, 1797-1828) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是奧地利作曲家舒伯特（Schubert, 1797-1828）。他最後兩部交響曲的別名：第8「未完成」（Unfinished）、第9「偉大」（Great）。他其中一部著名室內樂作品：「鱒魚五重奏」（Trout Quintet）。
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：這是俄國作曲家柴可夫斯基的《D大調第3交響曲，作品29》，別名「波蘭」（與第5樂章中的「Polacca」一字有關）（Symphony No.3 in D major, Op.29 "Polish"）。如「只計有交響曲第幾編號的作品」，他共作有6部交響曲。
(Schumann, 1810-1856) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：這是德國作曲家舒曼（Schumann, 1810-1856）的《降E大調第3交響曲，作品97》（Symphony No.3 in E flat major, Op.97），別名「萊茵」（Rhenish）。他共作有4部交響曲。
 (Offenbach, 1819-1880) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是德國出生的法國籍作曲家奧芬巴赫（Offenbach, 1819-1880）。他最後的那部他最優秀的歌劇作品是《霍夫曼的故事》（The Tales of Hoffmann (French: Les contes d'Hoffmann)），當中的著名優美旋律是《船歌》（Barcarolle）。
 (Rossini, 1792-1868) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是意大利作曲家羅西尼（Rossini, 1792-1868）。他最後的歌劇作品是《威廉‧泰爾》（William Tell / Guillaume Tell）。他其他兩部著名的歌劇作品：《塞維利亞的理髮師》（The Barber of Seville / Il barbiere di Siviglia）、《鵲賊》（The Thieving Magpie / La Gazza Ladra ）。
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
多謝 Answer (**請你留言Message #883(old)) 試答！她的答案：Answer to #124
一部「4樂章交響曲」的頭兩個樂章均附有標題，首樂章的標題是：「Dreams of a winter journey」；次樂章的標題是：「Land of desolation, land of mists」
這作品是Russian, P. I. Tchaikovsky作的第 1 號交響曲。
作曲家本人賦予「交響曲的標題」是Winter Daydreams。
我的回應：很好！完美的答案！
(Berlioz, 1803-1869) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲的名字是《Harold in Italy》（哈洛爾特在意大利），是法國作曲家白遼士（Berlioz, 1803-1869）的「交響曲」作品。它的第1樂章標題是：Harold in the Mountains；第3樂章標題是：Serenade。這部樂曲的配器：中提琴獨奏與管弦樂。
(Ravel, 1875-1937) |
 (Faure, 1845-1924) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：「pavane」，帕凡舞曲。這是一種慢速二分之二拍子的舞曲，因其動作遲緩，猶如孔雀起舞，故又名孔雀舞。此種舞曲十六世紀起源於意大利，但又可能起源於西班牙。兩部包含「pavane」字眼的樂曲，其一：拉威爾（Ravel, 1875-1937）的《Pavane pour une infante defunte》（悼念公主的帕凡舞曲）；其二：佛瑞（Faure, 1845-1924）的《Pavane》（帕凡舞曲）。兩人都是法國作曲家。
 (Stravinsky, 1882-1971) |
多謝 知道 (**請你留言Message #833(old)) 試答！她的答案：這部 Kashchei's Magic Garden / The Princesses' Game with the Golden Apples / Sudden Appearance of Prince Ivan / The Princesses' Round-Dance / Infernal Dance of All Kashchei's Subjects 作品的名字是 《The Firebird》 這部作品的作曲家是Igor Stravinsky The Golden Bird 是這個作曲家的另一部同類作品。
我的回應：非常好，除了答案「The Golden Bird 是這個作曲家的另一部同類作品」不正確外！可答：「《The Rite of Spring》（春之祭）是他的另一部同類作品。」
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：貝多芬作有10部小提琴奏鳴曲。有附加名稱的兩部：「春天」（"Spring" 第5號，Op.24 in F major）、「克萊采」（"Kreutzer" 第9號，Op.47 in A major）。
(Bach, 1685-1750) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：此曲是巴哈的作品，是出自他的《第3管弦樂組曲》（Orchestral Suite No.3, BWV1068）的第2樂章：詠嘆調（Air）。巴哈最長大的作品是《聖馬太受難曲》（St Matthew Passion, BWV244）。
(Schubert, 1797-1828) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲是舒伯特的《B小調第8交響曲「未完成」》（Symphony No.8 in B minor "Unfinished"）的首樂章。這是舒伯特的未完成作品，只作有第一、第二樂章，因此被冠以「未完成交響曲」之名。
(Mozart, 1756-1791) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲出自莫扎特的《安魂曲》（Requiem in D minor, K626），此是莫扎特的最後一部作品。
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲出自貝多芬的《C小調第8鋼琴奏鳴曲，作品13「悲愴」》（Piano Sonata No.8 in C minor, Op.13 "Pathetique"），是第3樂章。貝多芬共作有32部同類作品。
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲是柴可夫斯基的《1812序曲》（1812 Overture）。這部作品寫的歷史背景：法皇拿破崙領軍攻打俄羅斯，莫斯科人堅壁清野，法軍只奪得一座空城。嚴冬到來，法軍糧草短缺和難奈嚴寒而被迫撤退，俄軍從後追擊法軍，法軍傷亡慘重，拿破崙慘敗逃回法國，是年為1812年。柴氏的《1812序曲》成功地寫出炮火連天的戰爭場面和俄國人擊退法軍的勝利喜悅。
(Mendelssohn, 1809-1847) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲是孟德爾遜的《仲夏夜之夢序曲》（A Midsummer Night's Dream Overture）。孟德爾遜的《第3號交響曲》的別名是「蘇格蘭」（Scottish）（或答：《第4號交響曲》的別名是「意大利」（Italian））。
(Holst, 1874-1934) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲出自霍爾斯特（Holst, 1874-1934）的《行星組曲，作品32》（The Planets Suite, Op.32），是第一樂章，樂章的名稱是「火星（戰爭之神）」（Mars, The Bringer Of War）。該作品共有7個樂章。
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲出自柴可夫斯基的《胡桃夾子組曲，作品71a》（The Nutcracker Suite, Op.71a），這段音樂的名稱是「Waltz of the Flowers」。他最著名的是《B小調第6交響曲，作品74「悲愴」》（Symphony No.6 in B minor, Op.74 "Pathetique"）。他作有1部小提琴協奏曲。
(Mendelssohn, 1809-1847) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲出自孟德爾遜的《A大調第4交響曲，作品90「意大利」》（Symphony No.4 in A major, Op.90 "Italian"）的第1樂章。他作有5部交響曲和1部小提琴協奏曲。他其中一部著名的序曲作品是《仲夏夜之夢序曲》（A Midsummer Night"s Dream Overture）。
(Mozart, 1756-1791) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲是莫扎特（Mozart, 1756-1791）的《費加羅婚禮序曲》（The Marriage of Figaro Overture）。他作有41部交響曲、27部鋼琴協奏曲、5部小提琴協奏曲；《安魂曲》（Requiem in D minor, K626）是他的最後作品。
 (Gershwin, 1898-1937) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是美國作曲家蓋希文（港改譯：歌舒詠）。他那部一鳴驚人的作品是《藍色狂想曲》（Rhapsody in Blue for Piano and Orchestra）。他另外兩部著名「管弦樂」作品是：《F大調鋼琴協奏曲》（Piano Concerto in F major）和《一個美國人在巴黎》（An American in Paris）。他那部著名歌劇作品叫《波吉與貝絲》（Porgy and Bess）。
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
多謝 Melody (請你留言Message #581)試答！她的答案：Before Beethoven, Ludwig van established himself in Vienna he wrote “Wind Octet in E-flat major, Op.103”1792 in Bonn, for
1. two oboes,
2. two clarinets,
3. two bassoons, &
4. two horns
He reworked and expanded it in 1795 to be his first String Quintet, Op. 4 It was not published until 1834 by Artaria. The composition is in four movements:
1.Allegro
2.Andante
3.Menuetto
4.Presto
我的回應：Wonderful! Perfectly correct!
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
(Schubert, 1797-1828) |
多謝 Leon (請你留言Message #568)試答！他的答案：Franz Schubert finished composing his wonderful chamber music “Octet in F major” D. 803, on the first day of March 1824 for
1. clarinet,
2. horn,
3. bassoon,
4. 5. 6. 7. string quartet, and
8. contrabass.,
in six movements
1. The first movement opens with an 18-measure Adagio introduction that sets up the basic dotted-rhythm gesture
2. The second movement is an Adagio in B flat major with a silver-lined melody for the clarinet.
3. The third movement is a scherzo and trio in all but name,
4. the fourth is a a set of seven variations on a theme taken from Schubert's own Die Freunde von Salamanka, D. 326 (1815).
5. The fifth movement is a minuet and trio, this time in name as well as gesture and shape.
6. The final sixth movement by a slow introduction is a jubilant delight, a lighthearted walking-bass, about just the same proportions as the first movement's introduction.
His Octet in F is a significant endeavor of self-betterment.
When composing the Octet his work was opted to draw on Beethoven, specifically Beethoven's Septet, Op. 20 of 1799-1800. Therefore both Beethoven's Septet and Schubert's Octet are similar. Both of them are in six movements. Beethoven's work is scored for clarinet, horn, bassoon, string trio, and contrabass; whereas, Schubert's is scored for clarinet, horn, bassoon, string quartet, and contrabass.
我的回應：Wonderful and excellent answer! In addition to your almost perfect answer, I like to provide the following interesting additional information: The tempo indications of the respective movements of the two works are almost the same except that Beethoven's 3rd movement is a "Menuetto" whereas Schubert's a "Scherzo", and Beethoven's 5th movement is a "Scherzo" whereas Schubert's a "Menuetto". (Appendix: tempo indications of the two works:
Beethoven's septet:
I. Adagio - Allegro con brio
II. Adagio cantabile
III. Tempo di Menuetto & Trio
IV. Tema con Variazioni (Andante)
V. Scherzo (Allegro molto e vivace) & Trio
VI. Andante con moto alla marcia - Presto
Schubert's octet:
I. Adagio - Allegro
II. Adagio
III. Scherzo (Allegro vivace) & Trio
IV. Andante
V. Menuetto (Allegretto) & Trio
VI. Andante molto - Allegro)
(Mendelssohn, 1809-1847) |
多謝 William (請你留言Message #539)、Victor (請你留言Message #541, #542及#543) 及 名作 (請你留言Message #549)試答！他們的答案：
#539 | 08/10/2017, 8:42 AM | William
2. A string quartet is a musical ensemble of
The string quartet was developed into its current form by the Austrian composer Joseph Haydn, with his works in the 1750s establishing the genre. Due to most major composers wrote string quartets from mid to late 18th century onwards it becomes one of the most prominent chamber ensembles in classical music
After Haydn the string quartet composition continued to flourish in the Classical era, by
In the later 19th century, there were less string quartet. However from the 20th to 21st century it remains an important and refined musical form. The standard structure of a string quartet is four movements with
#541 | 10/10/2017, 8:51 AM | Victor
The Austrian composer Joseph Haydn has composed the String Octet. His String Octet has ultimately become the genre for most major composers to write string quartets from mid to late 18th century. Therefore, composers after Haydn such as
The standard structure of a string quartet is four movements with
#542 | 10/10/2017, 8:53 AM | Victor
My idea comes from William's message on #539 Thanks William for the hint on to this answer
#543 | 10/10/2017, 8:59 AM | Victor
To complete the answer
#549 | 15/10/2017, 7:15 AM | 名作
作曲家Mendelssohn作有室內樂作品《弦樂八重奏》
1. A string octet is a piece of music written for eight string instruments, or sometimes the group of eight players. It usually consists of
• four violins,
• two violas and
• two cellos, or
• four violins, two violas, a cello and a double bass.
The string quartet is a musical ensemble of four string players –
• two violin players,
• a viola player and a cellist – or a piece written to be performed by such a group.
• four string players –
• two violin players,
• a viola player and a cellist – or a piece written to be performed by such a group.
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,
• Ludwig van Beethoven and
• Franz Schubert
1. , the first movement in Sonata form, Allegro, in the tonic key;
2. second movement is a slow movement, in a related key;
3. third movement is a Minuet and Trio, in the tonic key; and t
4. he fourth movement is often in Rondo form or Sonata rondo form, in the tonic key.
. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,
• Ludwig van Beethoven and
• Franz Schubert
continued to compose the string quartet (instead of the octet) to keep the Classical composition flourish in the era. Until today it remains an important and refined musical form.
1. , the first movement in Sonata form, Allegro, in the tonic key;
2. second movement is a slow movement, in a related key;
3. third movement is a Minuet and Trio, in the tonic key;
4. he fourth movement is often in Rondo form or Sonata rondo form, in the tonic key.
Top up onto the middle part of my message of #541
The string Octet needs eight players. It usually consists of
• four violins,
• two violas and
• two cellos, or
• four violins, two violas, a cello and a double bass.
「八重奏」（室內樂中的八重奏（Octet），8個聲部由木管和銅管搭配而成（單簧管、雙簧管、巴松與法國號各兩把），為基準加上一把第二小提琴，也和七重奏採取六個樂章的安排。純粹由兩組弦樂四重奏構成的八重奏
孟德爾頌的八重奏，則直接稱為弦樂八重奏（String Octet），同樣採用兩組弦樂四重奏團的編制，更將弦樂八重奏的作曲精神和演出效果定位成交響式的，以探討各聲部之間交錯對話、映襯、對比等更為璀璨多變的樂曲風格，這也跟之前Mendelssohn累積了不少創作弦樂交響曲的作曲經驗有關。此種編制和樂曲，在室內樂中相當稀少，日後只有少數幾位作曲家有類似的嘗試，不過都不如Mendelssohn此首八重奏。
我的回應：先說說這個問題的重點在哪裡。首先要回答是哪個作曲家作有《弦樂八重奏》（答案是：孟德爾遜（Mendelssohn），作品是《Octet in E flat major, Op.20》）；跟著回答「這部」（要說對不起！原問題沒有「這部」兩字，以至引致誤會指一般的「八重奏」）「八重奏」的八個聲部（答案是：4個小提琴聲部加2個中提琴聲部和2個大提琴聲部）；跟著回答它內含哪幾個樂章（答案是：
因此，以上各人的答案，以「名作」的答案較相近。非常多謝你們試答，請繼續接受挑戰！
I. Allegro moderato, ma con fuoco;
II. Andante;
III. Scherzo (Allegro leggerissimo);
IV. Presto）；
跟著回答它與「弦樂四重奏」的關係（答案是：這部八重奏可算是一部「雙重弦樂四重奏」（double string quartet））。
 (Vaughan Williams, 1872-1958) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是英國作曲家佛漢‧威廉士（Vaughan Williams, 1872-1958）。他《第1交響曲》的主題是「海」（A Sea Symphony），其中的歌詞是取自美國詩人華特‧惠特曼（Walt Whitman, 1819-1892）的詩作。他《第2交響曲》的主題是「倫敦」（A London Symphony），《第3交響曲》的主題是「田園」（A Pastoral Symphony），《第7交響曲》的主題是「南極」（Sinfonia antartica）。
(Brahms, 1833-1897) |
(Rachmaninov, 1873-1943) |
多謝 Wai (請你留言Message #522) 試答！她的答案：Piano Concerto No.1, Opus 1 was written by the Russian Composer Rachmaninoff, Sergei who migrated to the United States in 1917.
His most famous works, including
• ThreePiano Concertos:-
1. the first piano concerto (Op. 1) and the Prelude in C-sharp minor (Op. 3, No. 2). Although spread over three different opuses, he did go on to complete an important set of 24 preludes in all the major and minor keys.
2. his second piano concerto (Op. 18),
3. In 1909, he made his first tour of the United States, and composed Piano Concerto No. 3 (Op. 30), notable for its difficult cadenza.
• His Symphony
1. No. 1 (Op. 13) was one of his first compositions as a "Free Artist" after graduation
2 His last work, Symphonic Dances (Op. 45), completed in 1940.
Due to insufficient time, I'll answer the next part of the question next time
Sorry to split the answer into two parts
我的回應：In your incomplete answer only the part: "Piano Concerto No.1, Op.1 was written by the Russian composer Rachmaninov （or in the past "Rachmaninoff"）" is correct as required by the question.
The following is the completion of the answer: Rachmaninov wrote 4 piano concertos and 3 symphonies. "Piano Sonata No.1, Op.1" was written by the German composer Brahms. He wrote 3 piano sonatas and 4 symphonies.
(Saint-Saens, 1835-1921) |
(Dvorak, 1841-1904) |
(Schumann, 1810-1856) |
(Mendelssohn, 1809-1847) |
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
A. 孟德爾遜（Mendelssohn）
B. 舒曼（Schumann）
C. 柴可夫斯基（Tchaikovsky）
D. 聖桑（Saint-Saens）
E. 德伏扎克（Dvorak）】
多謝 Melody (請你留言Message #514) 試答！她的答案：
1. symphony in E minor--C & E
2. piano concerto in G minor--A & D & E
3. violin concerto in E minor -- A
4. violin concerto in A minor -- E
5. cello concerto in A minor -- B & D
我的回應：You are excellent! You should have got a full score were there not any mistakes in the question, but, nevertheless, the instructions of the question is not completely correct. Very sorry! The instruction "D can be used twice" is a mistake, and it should be "D can be used three times". Accordingly, there should be one more D in your answer, and it should be added to "4. violin concerto in A minor". So the full correct answer should now be
1. C E
2. A D E
3. A
4. D E
5. B D
(Mozart, 1756-1791) |
多謝 Grace (請你留言Message #505) 試答！她的答案："Gran Partita" is the nick name of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s (Serenade No. 10 in B-flat major, K. 361/370a) probably composed in 1781 or 1782. It is often known by the misspelling subtitle "Gran Partita", (not in Mozart's hand)
It consists of seven movements, as follows:
1. Largo. Molto Allegro
2. Menuetto
3. Adagio. Andante
4. Menuetto. Allegretto
5. Romance. Adagio
6. Tema con variazioni
7. Finale. Molto Allegro
performed by thirteen instruments: twelve winds and string bass;
• 2 oboes,
• 2 clarinets,
• 2 basset horns,
• 2 bassoons,
• 4 horns and
• double bass.
• (The double bass is occasionally replaced by contrabassoon)
我的回應：Full marks score awarded for your wonderful perfect answer!
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
(Sibelius, 1865-1957) |
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
(Elgar, 1857-1934) |
(Brahms, 1833-1897) |
多謝 Melody (請你留言Message #500) 試答！她的答案：
1. Symphony in B flat major - A . Elgar
2. Symphony in A flat major - D . Beethoven
3. Piano Concerto in D minor - E . Brahms
4. Violin concerto in D minor - B . Sibelius
5 Piano concerto in B flat minor - C. Tchaikovsky
我的回應：Fairly good! You score 60 marks for you have answered 3/5 parts of the question correctly. The answer for 1. Symphony in B flat major should be matched with D. Beethoven (his 4th Symphony). The answer for 2. Symphony in A flat major should be matched with A. Elgar (his 1st Symphony).
 (Grieg, 1843-1907) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是挪威作曲家葛利格，他的《A小調鋼琴協奏曲》有舒曼的《A小調鋼琴協奏曲》的影子（葛利格聽了舒曼的鋼協後深受感動，後來他同樣以A小調寫了部鋼協，樂曲無論篇幅與風格都接近前輩舒曼的鋼協）。他最著名的「管弦樂組曲」是《皮爾金組曲》（Peer Gynt Suite）。題中提及的劇作家是挪威劇作家易卜生（Ibsen, 1828-1906），他那部葛利格為之寫配樂的劇作叫《皮爾金》（Peer Gynt）。
99. 【舊問題：「敲擊樂」（percussion）是「管弦樂」的重要組成部份，「敲擊樂器」（percussion instruments）分為「有調」（definite pitch）和「無調」（indefinite pitch）兩大類。你能分別列出3種「有調敲擊樂器」和3種「無調敲擊樂器」的名字嗎？】(貼於2017.7.11)
多謝 Grace (請你留言Message #486) 試答！她的答案：The definite percussion pitch instruments are
1 . timpani
2 . glockenspiel
3 . chime bars
The indefinite percussion pitch instruments are
1 . snare drum
2 . bass drum
3 . tubular bells
我的回應：Excellent! Of course, there are other possible combinations of answers.
(Bach, 1685-1750) |
(Schumann, 1810-1856) |
(Mendelssohn, 1809-1847) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：孟德爾遜的《A小調第3交響曲「蘇格蘭」》（Symphony No.3 in A minor, "Scottish"）、舒曼的《A小調鋼琴協奏曲》（Piano Concerto in A minor）、巴哈的《A小調第1小提琴協奏曲，BWV1041》（Violin Concerto No.1 in A minor, BWV1041）、舒曼的《A小調大提琴協奏曲》（Cello Concerto in A minor）。
(Mendelssohn, 1809-1847) |
多謝 Melody (請你留言Message #471) 試答！她的答案：Felix Mendelssohn was a German composer
生於富裕之家，生活無憂。他才華橫溢，以神童姿態開始鋼琴演奏和作曲生涯。他作有交響曲、鋼琴協奏曲、小提琴協奏曲及其他包括管弦樂曲、鋼琴樂曲、歌劇、神劇、室內樂等眾多作品。他令世人重新認識巴哈（J.S.Bach）作品的偉大。他得知他至愛的姊姊病逝後，加上辛勞過度，不久亦隨姊姊而病逝，壽命不比莫扎特長 one year。
He was the son of a banker, Abraham, who was himself the son of the famous Jewish philosopher, Moses Mendelssohn.
Since childhood Mendelssohn was greatly influenced by J.S. Bach’s music.
Mendelssohn is regarded as the greatest child genius after Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Ever since nine years old he had started his public chamber concert performance. When he was thirteen he wrote his first published piano quartet.
He travelled a lot, all over Europe. His music was adored by The English Queen Victoria and her Husband Prince Albert.
Unfortunately, in his final years, due to overwork load, he suffered a series of strokes. Plus mental disorder and poor physical health, Felix Mendelssohn died in the same year after his beloved sister Fanny’s death in 1847 at the age of only 38years old..
His great work includes
1 Concertos
2 Chamber Music
3 Choral Music and
4 Songs
Such as:-
1 Concertos
One Violin Concerto
two piano concertos,
a less well known, early, violin concerto,
and a double concerto for piano and violin.
2 Chamber Music
3 Choral Music; the two large oratorios,
. St. Paul in 1836
. Elijah in 1846,
4 Songs
我的回應：Very good, you are mentioning the right composer! However, you have not yet answered the number of symphonies Mendelssohn wrote! The following is a clearer summary of the compositions Mendelssohn wrote as required by the question: 5 symphonies, 2 piano concertos and 1 violin concerto.
(Brahms, 1833-1897) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲出自布拉姆斯的《D大調小提琴協奏曲》的第2樂章。他作有4部交響曲、2部鋼琴協奏曲、1部小提琴協奏曲，他並無大提琴協奏曲作品。
(Elgar, 1857-1934) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲是出自艾爾加（Elgar）的《E小調大提琴協奏曲，作品85》（Cello Concerto in E minor, Op.85）的第1樂章（[我的音樂推介9]）。他作有2部交響曲、1部小提琴協奏曲、1部大提琴協奏曲，他沒有鋼琴協奏曲作品。
(Vivaldi, 1678-1741) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲是出自韋華第的《四季》協奏曲中的《春》（《Spring》 in 《The Four Seasons》）的第1樂章（[我的音樂推介：44]）。他主要和創作最多的是「小提琴協奏曲」。
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
多謝 Lev Andropov (請你留言Message #427) 試答！他的答案：好像是柴可夫斯基的，但忘記了是那一首。
如果是柴可夫斯基, 他有6部交響曲。3部鋼琴協奏曲。1部小提琴協奏曲
我的回應：對！對！對！正是柴記的作品！是他的《第6「悲愴」交響曲》（Pathetique Symphony）（[我的音樂推介]19），是那愁雲慘霧的第4樂章。你其餘的都答對了！
(Sibelius, 1865-1957) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：是西貝流士的《芬蘭頌》（Finlandia）（[我的音樂推介]17）。他作有7部交響曲、1部小提琴協奏曲。他沒有鋼琴協奏曲作品。
 (Chopin, 1810-1849) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：是出自蕭邦的《F小調第2鋼琴協奏曲，作品21》的第3樂章（[我的音樂推介]16）。他沒有交響曲作品，他作有兩部鋼琴協奏曲。他的「鋼琴作品」最為馳名於世。
(Bach, 1685-1750) |
多謝 Lev Andropov (請你留言Message #404) 試答！他的答案：這個太易估喇，聽頭兩個音已經知係 1041 第一樂章( Bach - Violin Concerto in A minor BWV 1041 - 1st mov.)但 「最長篇」的作品的名字就真係唔知.
(BTW, 我而家練緊 1043)
我的回應：非常利害！Bach的最長篇作品是《聖馬太受難曲，BWV244》（St Matthew Passion, BWV244）。你能練Bach的作品，真高人也！
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
多謝 Lev Andropov 試答！他的答案：Beethoven's symphony no. 3 "EROICA" - 2nd mov. He wrote 9 symphonies , 5 piano concertos and 1 opera piece.
我的回應：Wonderful answer!
(Mozart, 1756-1791) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲是出自莫扎特的《D小調第20鋼琴協奏曲，K466》的第1樂章。他作有41部交響曲，5部小提琴協奏曲，他的最後作品是《D小調安魂曲，K626》（Requiem in D minor, K626）。
(Mendelssohn, 1809-1847) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：樂曲出自孟德爾遜的《E小調小提琴協奏曲，作品64》的第二樂章。他作有5部交響曲。第三交響曲「蘇格蘭」（Scottish）、第四交響曲「意大利」（Italian）。
86. 【舊問題：管弦樂隊（orchestra）中的「銅管樂組」（brass）通常有哪些樂器？哪件樂器最高音？哪件樂器最低音？】(貼於2017.3.16)
多謝 Lilian (請你留言Message #384) 試答！她的答案：管弦樂隊（orchestra）中的「銅管樂組」（brass）銅管樂器通常有
1. French horns
2. Trumpets
3. Tenor trombones
4. Bass trombone
5. Tuba
最高音樂器有Trumpet
最低音樂器有tuba
我的回應：真好！真好！完全正確！
(Mendelssohn, 1809-1847) |
多謝 Melody (請你留言Message #375) 試答！她的答案：孟德爾遜（Felix Mendelssohn, 1809-1847）的《仲夏夜之夢序曲》（A Midsummer Night's Dream Overture, Op.21,）很受歡迎，他作的序曲作品還有:-
Overture in C major, Op.24, "Harmoniemusik"
Fingals-Höhle (Hebriden), Overture, Op.26
Meeresstille und glückliche Fahrt, Overture, Op.27
Märchen von der schönen Melusine, Overture , Op.32
Ruy Blas, Overture, Op.95
Trumpet Overture, Op.101
我的回應：甚佳！多謝你的詳細列出！讓我加多兩部：
"The Marriage of Camacho Overture, Op.10"及
"Athalia Overture, Op.74"
 (Liszt, 1811-1886) |
(Chopin, 1810-1849) |
 (George Sand, 1804-1876) |
多謝 Milly (請你留言Message #365) 試答！他的答案：George Sand was the lover of the short lived famous composer, Frederick Chopin. George Sand was a remarkable woman - a outstanding novelist, dramatist and campaigner for her political reform. She successfully divorced her husband. She kept control of her children at a time when no such action in raising the children solely by a devoiced woman. Chopin was only one of the many famous men in her life. However, to Chopin, George Sand was his dear life-long lover, mother, nurse and companion. Ever since 1838 when they were on a trip to Majorca George discovered that Chopin had tuberculosis. Their relationship later fell apart, in 1847. Then Chopin stopped composing and died two years later in Paris on October 17th, 1849. At Chopin's death George was absent. So she was regarded as his vampire, but guardian and angel as well because she had kept him alive to compose the great music. Chopin never stopped loving George Sand. Amongst his belongings, found after his death, at the back of his diary, was a small envelope with the initials 'G.F' ('George/Frederick'). It kept a lock of George’s hair.
我的回應：You gave a remarkable answer here. However, another composer should also be mentioned as required by the question. This another composer is Liszt, who, one year younger than Chopin, had given valuable support to Chopin in the early days when he just arrived in Paris. George Sand, as a frequent guest of Liszt, was introduced to Chopin by Liszt in one of the musical gatherings in Liszt's apartment and the romance thus started between Chopin and Sand.
(Handel, 1685-1759) |
 (D. Scarlatti, 1685-1757) |
 (A. Scarlatti, 1660-1725) |
多謝 Ming (請你留言Message #351) 試答！他的答案：Alessandro Scarlatti(1660-1725), (THE FATHER)is best known for his operas and religious works. He established the Italian overture three-section form of allegro-adagio-allegro,. Alessandro wrote operas for Queen Christina of Sweden and Prince Ferdinando III de’ Medici. He was also the maestro di cappella to Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni in Rome and held a similar post at Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757),( Alessandro’s son, is renowned for his 555 sonatas. About 10 are for violin and continuo, three are for organ, and the rest are for harpsichord.
我的回應：Very good! The following is the answer to the not yet answered part of the question: The Italian composer D. Scarlatti competed against the German composer Handel in the skill of playing organ and harpsichord. Handel won the organ and Scarlatti won the harpsichord.
82. 【舊問題：你知道甚麼是「奏鳴曲式」（sonata form）嗎？它「一般」是應用於甚麼地方（諸如哪類樂曲、哪個樂章）？】(貼於2017.1.16)
多謝 Vincent (請你留言Message #344) 及 Melody (請你留言Message #345) 試答！他們的答案：
From Vincent:
The sonata form is probably one of the most common forms in classical and romantic music. It is derived from Romanian folk music" This form is commonly used in the first movement of sonatas, string quartets, symphonies and even concerts. Therefore it is also called the first-movement form or sonata-allegro form since its musical structure is most strongly associated with the first movement
It has three main sections of themes:
The Exposition presented generally has two sections,
Each section can have one or more themes. The themes may be similar or contrasting.. They are connected by a transition. This transition modulates to the new key. Composers as early as Mozart and Beethoven sometimes experimented with other keys for the second section. The exposition ends with a codetta.
The most important difference between Exposition and Recapitulation is that
From Melody:
Sonata form is also known as sonata-allegro form. It is an organizational structure based on contrasting musical ideas. It consists of three main sections - exposition, development, and recapitulation - and sometimes includes an optional coda at the end.
Sonata form is one of the most dramatic and influential musical structures of the Classical era (1750 - 1820). Its strict organizational formula satisfied the Classical era need for balance after the excesses of the Baroque era. It is sometimes called 'sonata-allegro form' because it was often marked to be played at a fast (allegro) tempo, as well as to distinguish it from the sonata, a specific genre of music, rather than a form. Sonata form was typically used for the first and sometimes the last movements of multi-movement works, such as concertos, symphonies, sonatas, and string quartets. During the Romantic era, the form also often appeared in tone poems, overtures, and other one-movement symphonic works.
a.Exposition - begin with an introduction
b.Development - presents the themes
c.Recapitulation is a varied repetition of the exposition
• the first section in the main key and
• the second section in the key of the dominant - or in case of minor keys - in the relative major or dominant key.
• the second section of the Recapitulation is now in the main key and that
• the composer can add, remove or develop sections and make variations in the texture and orchestration in the case of orchestral works in this Recapitulation and
• the Recapitulation movement ends with a coda that sometimes becomes a second development....
• In the exposition, the main melodic ideas, or themes, are introduced.
• In the development section, these themes are explored and dramatized.
• The recapitulation brings back and resolves the two original themes by placing them both in the tonic key, which is the main tonal centre of the piece and almost always the key in which the piece begins and ends. Often, the tonic key is indicated by the title of the work.
• The coda, if present, is a closing section that wraps up the melodic ideas and reaffirms the tonic key with a strong cadence.
我的回應：Wonderful responses given by both of you! Basically what sonata form is and where it is usually used can readily be understood from what presented by you.
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
多謝 Honey Bee (請你留言Message #341) 及 Melody (請你留言Message #342) 試答！他們的答案：
From Honey Bee:
Piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven
From Melody:
From Honey Bee's answer, Ludwig van Beethoven貝多芬作有32部鋼琴奏鳴曲（piano sonata）
Nos. 1–10
(Opp. 2–14)
No. 1 in F minor, Op. 2, No. 1 ·
No. 2 in A major, Op. 2, No. 2 ·
No. 3 in C major, Op. 2, No. 3 ·
No. 4 in E♭ major, Op. 7 (Grand Sonata) ·
No. 5 in C minor, Op. 10, No. 1 ·
No. 6 in F major, Op. 10, No. 2 ·
No. 7 in D major, Op. 10, No. 3 ·
No. 8 in C minor, Op. 13 (Pathétique) ·
No. 9 in E major, Op. 14, No. 1 ·
No. 10 in G major, Op. 14, No. 2
Nos. 11–20
(Opp. 22–49)
No. 11 in B♭ major, Op. 22 ·
No. 12 in A♭ major, Op. 26 (Funeral March) ·
No. 13 in E♭ major, Op. 27, No. 1 ·
No. 14 in C♯ minor, Op. 27, No. 2 (Moonlight) ·
No. 15 in D major, Op. 28 (Pastoral) ·
No. 16 in G major, Op. 31, No. 1 ·
No. 17 in D minor, Op. 31, No. 2 (The Tempest) ·
No. 18 in E♭ major, Op. 31, No. 3 (The Hunt) ·
No. 19 in G minor and No. 20 in G major, Op. 49
Nos. 21–32
(Opp. 53–111)
No. 21 in C major, Op. 53 (Waldstein) ·
No. 22 in F major, Op. 54 ·
No. 23 in F minor, Op. 57 (Appassionata) ·
No. 24 in F♯ major, Op. 78 (A Thérèse) ·
No. 25 in G major, Op. 79 ·
No. 26 in E♭ major, Op. 81a (Les adieux) ·
No. 27 in E minor, Op. 90 ·
No. 28 in A major, Op. 101 ·
No. 29 in B♭ major, Op. 106 (Hammerklavier) ·
No. 30 in E major, Op. 109 ·
No. 31 in A♭ major, Op. 110 ·
No. 32 in C minor, Op. 111 (Moon Light)
Unnumbered (WoO)
Three Piano Sonatas, WoO 47 ·
Piano Sonata in C major, WoO. 51 (fragmentary work)
Spurious/doubtful (Anh.)
Sonatina in G major, Anh. 5, No. 1 ·
Sonatina in F major, Anh. 5, No. 2
當中有7部奏鳴曲附有別名，它們的別名是
No. 8 號in C minor, Op. 13 號的奏鳴曲(Pathétique) ·
No. 12 號in A♭ major, Op. 26 號的奏鳴曲(Funeral March) ·
No. 14 號in C♯ minor, Op. 27號的奏鳴曲, No. 2 (Moonlight) ·
No. 15 號in D major, Op. 28號的奏鳴曲(Pastoral) ·
No. 17號 in D minor, Op. 31號的奏鳴曲, No. 2 (The Tempest) ·
No. 18號 in E♭ major, Op. 31號的奏鳴曲, No. 3 (The Hunt) ·
No. 32號 in C minor, Op. 111 號的奏鳴曲(Moon Light)
作品編號111是第32幾號奏鳴曲
我的回應：你們答對的是：貝多芬共作有32部鋼琴奏鳴曲。作品編號111是他的第32鋼琴奏鳴曲。至於我問題說其中有「7」部奏鳴曲附有別名的說法有誤，問題應更正為其中有「8」部奏鳴曲附有別名才正確！你們的答案都各有「錯」或「漏」。該8部的別名是：
No.8, Pathetique
No.14, Moonlight
No.15, Pastoral
No.17, The Tempest
No.21, Waldstein
No.23, Appassionata
No.26, Les Adieux
No.29, Hammerklavier
(Rachmaninov, 1873-1943) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是俄羅斯作曲家拉赫曼尼諾夫（Rachmaninov, 1873-1943）。他作有4部鋼琴協奏曲，3部交響曲。他是在俄國1917年10月革命的歷史背景下離開祖國。
 (Weber, 1786-1826) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是德國作曲家韋伯（Weber, 1786-1826）。令他聲名大噪的歌劇是《魔彈射手》（或《自由射手》）（Der Freischutz）。他最後一部歌劇作品是《奧伯龍》（Oberon）。
(Bach, 1685-1750) |
多謝 Wai (請你留言Message #317) 試答！他的答案：Bach has composed over three hundred "cantatas" of which around two hundred still survive and popular.
Bach's Christmas Oratorio consists a set of six cantatas for Christmas occasions.
Bach has rearranged concertos played by one to four harpsichords. Although Many of the harpsichord concertos were not his original works, and many arrangements of his concertos for other instruments have now lost. Actually a number of violin, oboe, and flute concertos have been reconstructed from them.
我的回應：Thank you for the information you gave here! You have answered correctly that the maximum number of harpsichords used by Bach in his works of "harpsichord concertos" is 4.
"ORGAN WORKS", among all works of Bach, are the most abundant in terms of total number of BWV's.
"CANTATAS", among all works of Bach, need the maximum number of hours for complete performance.
(Elgar, 1857-1934) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是英國作曲家艾爾加（Elgar, 1857-1934）。他作有兩部交響曲（A flat major, E flat major）。他的十分著名的管弦樂作品是《謎之變奏曲》（Enigma Variations）。
 (Mahler, 1860-1911) |
多謝 Honey Bee (請你留言Message #306) 試答！他的答案：Das Lied von der Erde ("The Song of the Earth") is composed by the Austrian composer Gustav Mahler for two voices (a tenor and an alto) and orchestra between 1908 and 1909 following the most painful period in his life, after facing 3 personal disasters in the summer of 1907:-
• 1st The Political maneuvering and anti-semitism forced him to resign as Director of the Vienna Court Opera that he loves,
• 2nd his beloved eldest daughter Maria died from scarlet fever and diphtheria, and
• 3rd Mahler himself was diagnosed with a congenital heart defect.
Therefore in the following year (1908) after he had read and was taken by the vision of earthly beauty expressed in the verses in the publication of a volume of an ancient Chinese poetry
• Mahler had discovered in the Chinese poetry what he had formerly sought after in the genre of German folk song: a mask or costume for the sense of rootlessness or "otherness" attending his identity as a Jew.
• And that Mahler found in these poems an echo of his own increasing awareness of mortality when Mahler was aware of the so-called "curse of the ninth", a superstition arising from the fact that no major composer since Beethoven had successfully completed more than nine symphonies.
• As he had already written eight symphonies before composing Das Lied von der Erde, fearing his subsequent demise he decided to subtitle the work a Symphony for Tenor, Alto and Large Orchestra rather than numbering it as a symphony.
• His next symphony, written for purely instrumental forces, was numbered his Ninth. That was indeed the very last symphony he fully completed, because only the first movement of the Tenth had been fully orchestrated at the time of his death.
In 1909 Mahler chose seven of the poems to set to music as “Das Lied von der Erde” and had arranged it for piano accompaniment.
Das Lied von der Erde is the first work
• giving a complete integration of song cycle and symphony
• scored for a large orchestra; Mahler's "Greatest symphony" and
• the songs address themes such as those of living, parting and salvation.
Das Lied von der Erde ("The Song of the Earth") is composed of
1. ("The Drinking Song of Earth's Sorrow" or "The Drinking Song of Earthly Woe")
2. ("The Solitary One in Autumn")
3. ("Youth")
4. ("Beauty")
5. ("The Drunkard in Spring")[
6. ("The Farewell")
我的回應：Very good! Very good! The following information should also be given to complete the answer: different movements are allocated to the tenor and the alto: 1, 3, 5 movements for the tenor; 2, 4, 6 movements for the alto.
(Schubert, 1797-1828) |
多謝 Leon (請你留言Message #304) 試答！他的答案：A song cycle is similar to a song collection. It is a group, or cycle, of individually complete songs designed to be performed in a sequence as a unit.
[1] These songs are either for solo voice or an ensemble, or rarely a combination of solo songs mingled with choral pieces.
[2] The number of songs in a song cycle may be as brief as two songs
[3] or as long as 30 or more songs
Schubert's most greatly admired and best known song cycles:-
• based on the settings of separate poems with a common theme and narrative by Wilhelm Müller are
1. Die schöne Müllerin (1823) and
2. Winterreise (1827)
Schubert's other song cycles like "Ave Maria" are based on consecutive excerpts of the same literary work by Walter Scott.
• His Schwanengesang (1828) is also frequently performed as a cycle.
我的回應：Great! Great! Excellent answer! Let me have the three Schubert's song cycles listed again with their Chinese names in the following lines:
1. Die schone Mullerin （美麗的磨坊少女）
2. Winterreise （冬之旅行）
3. Schwanengesang （天鵝之歌）
(Berlioz, 1803-1869) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是法國作曲家白遼士（Berlioz, 1803-1869）。他最著名的作品是《幻想交響曲》（Symphonie fantastique, Op.14）。他的4部交響曲是：
1. Symphonie fantastique, Op.14（《幻想交響曲》，純器樂）；
2. Symphonie funebre et triomphale, Op.15 （《送葬與凱旋交響曲》，含合唱）；
3. Harold in Italy, symphony in four parts, Op.16 （《哈洛爾特在意大利》，純器樂，含中提琴獨奏）；
4. Romeo and Juliet, dramatic symphony after Shakespeare's tragedy, Op.17 （《羅密歐與朱麗葉》，含獨唱、合唱）
 (Wagner, 1813-1883) |
多謝 William (請你留言Message #299) 及 Victor (請你留言Message #300) 試答！
William的答案：The ancient Greek and Romans art opera , founded on the great mythological legends of the nation, were musical plays in recitation and choruses sung with just four musical instruments whereas Wagner’ remarkable harmonious melodic dramatic opera with his own written text, music, action, scenery -- can arouse audience's emotion
Victor的答案：in addition to William's answer:
Richard Wagner’s music drama was originally referred to by himself as simply “drama” because Wagner himself never used the term music drama for his work which was used later by his successors and by critics and scholars.
Wagner’s new type of opera was intended as a return to the Greek drama—the expression of l national human aspirations in symbolic form by enacting racial myths in music for the full expression of the dramatic action.
Wagner’s emphasis on opera as drama merely resumed and developed the ideas of Claudio Monteverdi and Christoph Gluck. He envisaged the disappearance of the old type of opera, for the composer to make a “set piece” opera out of purely musical forms separated by a recitative, such as: Wagner’s theory in Der Ring des Nibelungen was that the leading motives did not always found in the vocal utterances but were often introduced by the orchestra to portray characters, emotions, or events.
In brief, the new art form of Wagner’s music drama is to express fully a single poetic drama by an artist in a continuous vocal-symphonic texture. This texture would be woven from basic thematic ideas, or leitmotivs (“leading motives
我的回應：Victor's longer answer, when combined with the shorter one of William, does give a general picture of what Wagner's "music drama" looks like! In order to manifest more clearly the main ideas, a concise and understandable summary is put as follows:
Wagner's "music drama", placing "music" and "drama" in equal importance, is a continuous entity with no obvious points of breaking. In order to produce the most effective outcome, Wagner wrote the librettos for his works as well. His music in such "dramas", whether orchestral or vocal, is very demanding and innovative. In such a "music drama" of Wagner, recitatives, arias, choruses and orchestral passages as in traditional operas are no longer separated in one by one sections, but integrated with one another in a continuous way.
 (Bulow, 1830-1894) |
(Liszt, 1811-1886) |
(Wagner, 1813-1883) |
 (Cosima, 1837-1930) |
多謝 Melody (請你留言Message #297) 試答！她的答案：The German composer, Richard Wagner nabbed Cosima who was the illegitimate daughter of the composer-pianist Franz Liszt.
Originally Cosima is the wife of a conductor and pianist Hans Von Bulow.
Hans Von Bulow was Wagner's champion and close friend.
This little romantic triangle (and the fact that Wagner was the father of Cosima's three youngest children)
When the whole affair came to light Cosima's marriage to Hans had been annulled in 1869 and so finally Wagner married Cosima in 1870, after the death of his first wife Minna in 1866.
我的回應：How brilliant you are providing such an informative answer!
(Bach, 1685-1750) |
多謝 Janet (請你留言Message #289) 試答！她的答案：The concerto grosso (Italian for big concert(o)) is a popular form of baroque music.
It was probably developed around 1680 by Alessandro Stradella
It usually has three to six movements in which the musical material is passed between a small group of soloists (the concertino) and full orchestra (the ripieno).
The music given and received by the smaller group of soloists is then offered to the larger orchestra. This movement causes the sound produced to grow, swell, and be offered to the audience.
Johann Sebastian Bach follows loosely the concerto grosso form on his “Brandenburg Concerti”. Notably the 2nd Concerto has a concertino of recorder, oboe, trumpet, and solo violin.
我的回應：What a fantastic pretty good answer offered by you!
(Haydn, 1732-1809) |
(Mozart, 1756-1791) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：《海頓四重奏》是奧地利作曲家莫扎特獻給海頓的六部「弦樂四重奏」（string quartet）。因是獻給海頓，故被名為《海頓四重奏》。「弦樂四重奏」的四個聲部是第一小提琴、第二小提琴、中提琴及大提琴。莫扎特該六部作品是：String Quartet
No.14, G major, K387
No.15, D minor, K421
No.16, E flat major, K428
No.17, B flat major, K458
No.18, A major, K464
No.19, G major, K465
(Haydn, 1732-1809) |
(Johann Strauss II, 1825-1899) |
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
多謝 Honey Bee (請你留言Message #283) 試答！他的答案：The fifth piano concerto named as "The Emperor" was composed by a famous German composer, Ludwig van Beethoven 1770-1827.
我的回應：Good! You have stated the most famous one with the name "Emperor"! There are at least two more, which are also famous:
Johann Strauss II's "Emperor Waltz, Op.437", and
Haydn's "String Quartet in C major, Op.76, No.3 'Emperor'"
Both were Austrian.
 (Smetana, 1824-1884) |
 (Nicolai, 1810-1849) |
(Rossini, 1792-1868) |
 (Gounod, 1818-1893) |
(Prokofiev, 1891-1953) |
(Berlioz, 1803-1869) |
(Shostakovich, 1906-1975) |
(Sibelius, 1865-1957) |
 (R. Strauss, 1864-1949) |
(Liszt, 1811-1886) |
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
(Mendelssohn, 1809-1847) |
(Britten, 1913-1976) |
 (Verdi, 1813-1901) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：這題的確不易答，因為涉及的莎士比亞劇作和曾以莎劇作為作曲主題的作曲家都甚多！以下謹屬當中較為主要的作品：
Verdi, Italian: operas "Macbeth" and "Otello"
Britten, British: opera "A Midsummer Night's Dream"
Mendelssohn, German: incidental music and overture "A Midsummer Night's Dream"
Tchaikovsky, Russian: fantasy overture and incidental music "Hamlet"; fantasy overture "Romeo and Juliet"
Liszt, Hungarian: symphonic poem "Hamlet"
R. Strauss, German: symphonic poem "Macbeth"
Sibelius, Finnish: incidental music "The Tempest"
Shostakovich, Russian: incidental music "Hamlet" and "King Lear"; suite "Hamlet"; film music "King Lear, Op.137"
Berlioz, French: overture "King Lear"; dramatic symphony "Romeo and Juliet"
Prokofiev, Russian: ballet "Romeo and Juliet"
Gounod, French: opera "Romeo and Juliet"
Rossini, Italian: opera "Otello"
Nicolai, German: opera "The Merry Wives of Windsor"
Smetana, Czech: symphonic poem "Richard III"
(Mahler, 1860-1911) |
 (Boito, 1842-1918) |
(Gounod, 1818-1893) |
(Liszt, 1811-1886) |
(Berlioz, 1803-1869) |
(Schumann, 1810-1856) |
多謝 William (請你留言Message #267) 試答！他的答案：John Wolfgang von Goethe is the author of “Faust”. He is a German.
Composers and music base on this “Faust” are
1. Robert Schumann's secular oratorio Scenes from Goethe's Faust (1844–1853)
2. Hector Berlioz's "legende dramatique" La damnation de Faust (1846)
3. Franz Liszt's Faust Symphony (1857)
4. Charles Gounod's opera Faust (1859)
5. Arrigo Boito's opera Mefistofele (1868; 1875)
6. The second section of Mahler's Symphony No. 8 (1906) of Goethe's Faust.
7. Randy Newman's musical Faust (1993)
我的回應：Very wonderful! What you put here is an amazingly exhaustive and informative answer!
(R. Strauss, 1864-1949) |
(Schubert, 1797-1828) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：奧地利作曲家舒伯特（Schubert, 1797-1828）的弦樂四重奏（string quartet）《死與少女》（Death and the Maiden）（Tod und das Madchen）及德國作曲家李察‧史特勞斯（R. Strauss, 1864-1949）的交響詩（symphonic poem）《死與變容》（Death and Transfiguration）（Tod und Verklarung）。
(R. Strauss, 1864-1949) |
多謝 William (請你留言Message #251) 試答！他的答案：Answer to 65:-
A. ""An Alpine Symphony" is a tone poem. It illustrates the thrilling experience of an eleven hours day climbing in the Alps from daybreak just before dawn to the following nightfall..
B. It is composed by Richard Strauss (1864-1949).
C. He is a German.
D. This tone prom consists of twenty-two sections of music:-
1. Night
2. Sunrise
3. The Ascent
4. Entry into the forest
5. Wandering by the Brook
6. At the waterfall
7. Apposition
8. On flowing Meadows
9. On the Alpine Pasture
10. Through Thickets and Undergrowth on the Wrong Path
11. On the Glacier
12. Dangerous moments
13. On the Summit
14. Vision
15. Mists Rise
16. The Sun Gradually Becomes Obscured
17. Elegy
18. Calm before the Storm
19. Thunder and Tempest, Descent
20. Sunset
21. Quiet Settles
22. Night
E. His another music is “The Alps”
我的回應：Marvellous! Some minor mistakes: The whole piece consists only one single movement with 22 illustrative wordings at specific positions as answered by you. There are numerous other famous symphonic poems composed by R. Strauss such as "Don Juan ", "Also sprach Zarathustra", "Tod und Verklarung" and "Don Quixote". In addition, mistakes being found in the 22 sections provided by you above should be corrected as: 7. Apparition, 8. On flowery meadows, and 21. Epilogue.
 (Purcell, 1659-1695) |
(Britten, 1913-1976) |
多謝 Honey Bee (請你留言Message #242) 試答！他的答案：Corresponding to your Question no. 64 The answers are:-
1, "The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra" has many variations. each variation features a different family of instrument in the orchestra such as:-
(A) the flute
(B) the oboes
(C) the clarinets
(D) the bassoons
(E) the violins
(F) the violas
(G) the cellos
(H) the Double bass
(I) the harp
(J) the horns
(K) the trumpets
(L) the trombones and bass tuba
(M) the percussion
Therefore it teaches and inspires generations of young and old music lovers to learn to play the instruments and to listen to the music.
2, It is composed by "Benjamin Britten" who was
3, a British.
4, This "The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra" is a series of "Variations" based on a "hornpipe" by another British composer, of the 17th Century, named "Henry Purcell".
我的回應：Excellent! Wonderful! Bravo! Your answer is unchallengeable!
(Verdi, 1813-1901) |
(Wagner, 1813-1883) |
多謝 leon (請你留言Message #235) 試答！他的答案：The Flying Dutch is One of the opera music by Richard Wagner (1813-1883).
A Russian, Pyotr iiyich Tchaikosky (1840-1893) is another famous composer.
The Queen of spades is one of Tchaickosky's famous opera music.
Ukraine (nicked named as the Little Russian) is a sample of his non opera music.
我的回應：You are right in answering the opera of Wagner, i.e., "The Flying Dutchman" in English or "Der fliegende Hollander" in German or《漂泊的荷蘭人》in Chinese, but wrong in answering the other part of the question. The other contemporary famous opera composer, born in the same year, should be Verdi (威爾第, 1813-1901), an Italian composer, who had written many famous operas, such as "Aida" (《阿依達》) and "La traviata" (《茶花女》). His famous non-opera piece is "Requiem".
(Mozart, 1756-1791) |
 (C. Weber, 1762-1842) |
 (A. Weber, 1760-1839) |
多謝 Melody (請你留言Message #229) 試答！她的答案：Aloysia Weber is the elder bother of Constanze Weber who lived from 5 January 1762 to 6 March 1842. She was the wife of the famous musician genius and composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
我的回應：Good answer overall except the mistake that Aloysia Weber should be the elder sister of Constanze Weber! Mozart first fell in love with Aloysia, the elder sister of Constanze, but when mozart met her again shortly after, she became cold towards him. Mozart finally got married to Constanze.
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
多謝 William (請你留言Message #226) 試答！他的答案：There are totally four versions of overtures for the Fidelio opera 72 composed by Beethoven
1. Beethoven's first 1805 premiere overture is believed to be "Leonore No. 2".
2. Beethoven’s second version for the performances of 1806 is "Leonore No. 3" which is
considered by many listeners as the greatest of the four overtures. However due to its dramatically full-scale symphonic movement it has an over powerful
effect on the (rather light) initial scenes of the opera.
3. Beethoven therefore experimented a version with cutting it back somewhat, for a planned 1808 performance in Prague. This is nowadays believed to
be "Leonore No. 1".
4. Ultimately in 1814 Beethoven wrote the most appropriate lighter overture for the opera Fidelio which is the best of the four versions.
我的回應：Very good response which also provides interesting information about the background of each composition! A brief summary of these overtures is listed as follows:
Fidelio op.72b
Leonore I op.138
Leonore II op.72
Leonore III op.72a
 (Paganini, 1782-1840) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：他是意大利作曲家巴格尼尼（Paganini, 1782-1840）。他作有6部小提琴協奏曲（D大調第1、B小調第2、E大調第3、D小調第4、A小調第5及E小調第6。第6是他死後才發表）。
(Chopin, 1810-1849) |
多謝 Honey Bee (請你留言Message #217) 試答！他的答案：All together there are 24 Etudes composed by Chopin.
They are the opus 10, numbers:-
1. Waterfall
2. Chromatique
3. Tristeese (Sadness, or Farewell). This is the most famous of all.
4. Torrent
5. Blackhero
6. Lament
7. Toccata
8. sunshine
9.
10
11. arpeggio
12. Revolutionary
Opus 25, Numbers:-
1. Aerlian Harp or Shepherd
2. The Bees
3. Horseman
4. Paganini
5. Wrong note
6. Thirds
7. Cello
8. Sixth
9. Butterfly
10. Octave
11. Winter Wind
12. Ocean
我的回應：Very good very good overall! Nevertheless, I should point out that the one (No.3 of Op.10) you mentioned as the most famous of all Chopin's etudes may also be famous but not the most famous. The correct answer for Chopin's most famous etude should indeed be the "Revolutionary Etude" (Op.10 No.12). (This is already present in this website: just listen: http://www.kwokpuiko.net/etuderev.mp3)
(Rimsky-Korsakov, 1844-1908) |
(Mussorgsky, 1839-1881) |
 (Balakirev, 1837-1910) |
 (Cui, 1835-1918) |
(Borodin, 1833-1887) |
多謝 Andrea (請你留言Message #213) 試答！他的答案：The Russian Five or The Mighty Five, Russian (“The Mighty Little Heap”), group of five Russian composers—
1. Cesar Cui,
2. Aleksandr Borodin,
3. Mily Balakirev,
4. Modest Mussorgsky, and
5. Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov's "Song of the Golden Fish" is famous.
我的回應：Good on the whole except minor mistakes! Borodin should be older than Cui, and I would choose the symphonic poem "Scheherazade, Op. 35"（《天方夜譚》）as one of the most popular works of Rimsky-Korsakov, the youngest of the "The Mighty Handful". (More information about "Scheherazade": The work is based on "One Thousand and One Nights", sometimes known as "The Arabian Nights". This orchestral work combines two features typical of Russian music and of Rimsky-Korsakov in particular: dazzling, colorful orchestration and an interest in the East, which figured greatly in the history of Imperial Russia, as well as orientalism in general. It is considered Rimsky-Korsakov's most popular work.)
(Mendelssohn, 1809-1847) |
多謝 多加 (請你留言Messages #208及#209) 試答！她的答案：著名的《無言之歌》（Songs Without Words）是德國作曲家孟德爾頌Felix Mendelssohn, 1809-1847)的鋼琴曲作品
共包含48個作品「作品編號」（opus numbers）
I, Op.19
II, Op.30 V,
III, Op.38 ,
IV, Op.53 ,
V, Op.62 ,
VI, Op.67,
VII, Op.85,和
VIII, Op.102.
每個作品編號內有6首作品
有「附加名稱」的其中兩首作品的「名稱」:-
「紡織歌」或「忙碌的蜜蜂」和
威尼斯船歌（30-6）
我的回應：答得真好啊！作為參考資料，我只想在這裡全部列出有附加名稱的作品的（主要是英譯）名稱：Hunting Song, Venetian Gondola Song（你的答案）, Duetto, Folksong, Funeral March, Spring Song, Spinning Song（你的答案）, Wiegenlied。
(Elgar, 1857-1934) |
(Mendelssohn, 1809-1847) |
(Chopin, 1810-1849) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：著名的E小調：
鋼琴協奏曲：波蘭作曲家蕭邦的《E小調第1鋼琴協奏曲，作品11》
小提琴協奏曲：德國作曲家孟德爾遜的《E小調小提琴協奏曲，作品64》
大提琴協奏曲：英國作曲家艾爾加的《E小調大提琴協奏曲，作品85》
(Shostakovich, 1906-1975) |
(Sibelius, 1865-1957) |
(Mahler, 1860-1911) |
(Dvorak, 1841-1904) |
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
(Brahms, 1833-1897) |
(Haydn, 1732-1809) |
無人試答，可惜！答案：著名的「E小調交響曲」有：
奧國人海頓：第四十四「哀悼」（Trauersymphonie）
德國人布拉姆斯：第四
俄國人柴可夫斯基：第五
捷克人德伏扎克：第九「新世界」（From the New World）
奧國人馬勒：第七
芬蘭人西貝流士：第一
俄國人蕭斯達高維契：第十
(Stravinsky, 1882-1971) |
多謝 Sue (請你留言Message #174) 試答！她的答案：
The long lived Igor Fedorovick Stravinsky (1882-1971)is a famous Russian composer in ballet music.
When his Ballet "Rite of Spring1912" was performed in Paris, Riot was provoked among audience because of misunderstanding.
He settled in THE United States since 1939 and died there, but he was buried in Venice.
His first Ballet is the "Firebird" composed in 1910.
我的回應：Excellent! There would be no better answer than yours!
53. 【舊問題：你知道「華彩樂段」或「裝飾奏」（cadenza）是甚麼嗎？】(貼於2015.12.30)
多謝 Melody (請你留言Message #170) 試答！他的答案：Cadenza is a phrase of ornamental piece of music performed in a free rhythmical style at the end of a classical movement in a concerto to conclude the piece of music.
我的回應：Good! Your answer is basically correct. The following are some supplementary remarks. In some piece of music cadenzas can be completely left to the performer to show his or her skill of playing, but in some other piece they are only the integral parts of the composition of the composer, who considers the maintenance of wholeness and smoothness of the work.
52. 【舊問題：管弦樂隊中的木管樂（woodwind）樂器中，哪件樂器最高音？哪件樂器最低音？樂器cor anglais的另一個名稱是甚麼？它一般會由哪個樂手兼任？】(貼於2015.12.13)
無人試答，可惜！答案：管弦樂木管樂器中「短笛」（piccolo）最高音，「倍低音管」（contrabassoon or double bassoon）最低音。"cor anglais"的另一名稱是"English horn"（英國管），一般由吹奏雙簧管（oboe）的樂手兼任。
(R. Strauss, 1864-1949) |
 (Minkus, 1826-1917) |
多謝 善意 (請你留言Message #155) 試答！他的答案：Miguel de Cervantes, (in full Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (born September 1547 - April 1616), is the author of “Don Quixote”. He was a Spanish novelist, playwright, and poet, the creator of Don Quixote (1605, 1615.)
Aloisius Ludwig Minkus (23 March 1826 – 7 December 1917), is the ballet composer of the ballet music “Don Quixote” in 1869. He was an Austrian violinist.
Violin is used to represent the major character in Don Quixote.
我的回應：文學作品的作者你答對了！十分多謝你提供了一個我現在才認識的音樂作品答案！你答的作品的出現比我在這裡提供的還要早！我提供的答案是德國作曲家李察‧史特勞斯（Richard Strauss）的交響詩幻想變奏曲（symphonic poem fantastic variations）作品《唐吉訶德》（Don Quixote）。大提琴獨奏代表主角唐吉訶德。
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
多謝 家得 (請你留言Message #148) 試答！他的答案：貝多芬《升c小調第十四"鋼琴奏鳴曲"》，Piano Sonata No. 14 (Beethoven) 的三個樂章是不依循快, 慢, 快的準則, 而是由慢, 較快至甚快而改變。
《月光奏鳴曲》Moonlight Sonata是貝多芬自己附加 的名稱。這首《升c小調第十四"鋼琴奏鳴曲"》，之所以被稱為《月光奏鳴曲》Moonlight Sonata其實觸動貝多芬創作的不是皎潔如水的月光，而是貝多芬與朱麗葉．圭查蒂（1784—1856）第一次戀愛失敗后的痛苦心情。
《月光曲》是這首《升c小調第十四"鋼琴奏鳴曲"》的其他名稱。這是由於德國詩人路德維希．萊爾斯塔勃 聽了這首《升c小調第十四"鋼琴奏鳴曲"》作品的第一樂章以後，說：”想起了瑞士的琉森湖，以及湖面上水波蕩漾的皎潔月光。”後，出版商根據這段話，標題上加了《月光曲》的名稱。
我的回應：你答對了是貝多芬的 "Piano Sonato No.14 in C sharp minor op.27 No.2"。不過無論是 "Moonlight Sonata" 還是 "Moonlight" 都不是貝多芬自己加上去的名稱，而都是別人根據一些傳聞的故事而附加到這部奏鳴曲上。貝多芬自己附加的名稱則是 "Sonata quasi una fantasia" （「幻想風的奏鳴曲」）。
(Shostakovich, 1906-1975) |
(Elgar, 1857-1934) |
(Dvorak, 1841-1904) |
(Saint-Saens, 1835-1921) |
(Schumann, 1810-1856) |
(Haydn, 1732-1809) |
多謝 William (請你留言Messages #141 and #142) 及 短小 (請你留言Message #143) 試答！他們的答案:
From William: 創作多於一部大提琴協奏曲（cello concerto）作品作曲家當中以《海頓》（Haydn, 1732-1809）的大提琴協奏曲最長大。
聖桑一生總共寫作兩首大提琴協奏曲，不過兩首曲子的創作卻相隔三十年，
From 短小: 在「大提琴協奏曲」（cello concerto）作品作曲家：巴哈（Bach, 1685-1750）、海頓（Haydn, 1732-1809）、莫扎特（Mozart, 1756-1791）、貝多芬（Beethoven, 1770-1827）、舒伯特（Schubert, 1797-1828）、孟德爾遜（Mendelssohn, 1809-1847）、舒曼（Schumann, 1810-1856）、布拉姆斯（Brahms, 1833-1897）、聖桑（Saint-Saens, 1835-1921）、柴可夫斯基（Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893）、德伏扎克（Dvorak, 1841-1904）、艾爾加（Elgar, 1857-1934）、西貝流士（Sibelius, 1865-1957）、蕭斯達高維契（Shostakovich, 1906-1975）當中，
‧ 第一號「A小調第一號大提琴協奏曲」( Cello concerto No.1 in A minor, Op.33 ) 作於1873年。
‧ 第二號「D小調第二號大提琴協奏曲」( Cello Concerto No 2 in D minor,Op119) 作於1902年。
當中以海頓（Haydn, 1732-1809）的大提琴協奏曲最長大（即演奏需時最長）。
創作多於一部大提琴協奏曲（cello concerto）作品的作曲家有聖桑,
聖桑一生總共寫作兩首大提琴協奏曲，不過兩首曲子的創作卻相隔三十年，
1. 第一號「A小調第一號大提琴協奏曲」( Cello concerto No.1 in A minor, Op.33 ) 作於1873年。
2. 第二號「D小調第二號大提琴協奏曲」( Cello Concerto No 2 in D minor,Op119) 作於1902年。
在「大提琴協奏曲」（cello concerto）作品當中，以海頓（Haydn, 1732-1809）的大提琴協奏曲最長大（即演奏需時最長）。
我的回應: 你們提供的答案並沒有完整答出曾作有"大提琴協奏曲"的作曲家名單! 不過你們答對了海頓和聖桑曾作有兩部大提琴協奏曲作品這一點. 此外, 海頓的大提琴協奏曲並非最長大! 為求清晰和完整, 下面我列出完整的答案:
這堆作曲家中作有大提琴協奏曲的作曲家有: 海頓, 舒曼, 聖桑, 德伏扎克, 艾爾加和蕭斯達高維契共六人. 當中作有多於一部的有: 海頓, 聖桑和蕭斯達高維契三人. 最長大的一部是德伏扎克所作的"B小調大提琴協奏曲", 它亦是最廣為人知的大提琴協奏曲! (布拉姆斯聽後曾讚嘆如果他能早知道大提琴協奏曲如此優美自己也會嘗試作一部.)
多謝試答! 繼續努力!
(Dvorak, 1841-1904) |
多謝 宜有 (請你留言Message #135) 試答！他的答案：有個作曲家的作品涵蓋了歌劇、交響曲、交響詩、協奏曲、序曲、合唱曲、各種室內樂等類別。他經常往返於倫敦和紐約，享譽英倫和美國樂壇。他曾出任紐約音樂學院院長並在美國完成不少重要的作品。
這個作曲家是Gustav Theodore Holst ( Gustavus Theodore von Holst 1874年-- 1934年) 。
他是個英國人。
他作有26部交響曲。交響曲“The Planets” 是最著名的一部。
他的協奏曲(Concerto)有:-
在1905年作的 “A Song of the Night” for violin and orchestra、
在1911年作的 “Invocation” for cello and orchestra、
在1923年作的 “A Fugal Concerto” for flute, oboe (or 2 violins) and string orchestra、
在1929年作的 “Double Concerto” for 2 violins and orchestra和
在1933年作的 “Lyric Movement” for viola and small orchestra。
當中的 “A Fugal Concerto” 協奏曲 是最著名的一部。
我的回應：你答的Holst並不完全符合題目的要求。答案應是捷克作曲家德伏扎克（Dvorak, 1841-1904）。他作有9部交響曲，當中以《E小調第9「新世界」（From the New World）交響曲》（於任紐約音樂學院院長期間完成）最著名。他作有鋼琴協奏曲、小提琴協奏曲、大提琴協奏曲各一部，當中以他的大提琴協奏曲最著名。
多謝試答！繼續努力！
(Rachmaninov, 1873-1943) |
(Brahms, 1833-1897) |
多謝 加崇 (請你留言Message #133) 試答！他的答案：
1. 《海頓主題變奏曲》（Haydn Variations）、的主題並不是海頓原創，而是源自一首古老的《聖安東尼聖詠詩》（Chorale of St. Antoni），真正創作人已不可考。之所以被慣稱為《海頓主題變奏曲》，是因為海頓某首《木管嬉遊曲》的第二樂章也拿此當作主題旋律。
不過《海頓主題變奏曲》（Haydn Variations）、was said to be composed by Haydn’s pupil; an Austrian-born “French” composer and piano builder : Ignace Joseph Pleyel (18 June 1757 – 14 November 1831) based on a theme from the Divertimento的作品。— the second movement of》（Haydn Variations） is based on an old Burgenland chant entitled《聖安東尼聖詠詩》》（Chorale of St. Antoni）or Chorale St. Anthony.
《巴格尼尼主題變奏曲》（Paganini Variations）是德國作曲家a German composer : 約翰尼斯.布拉姆斯Johannes Brahms (7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) in 1863 based on Niccolo Paganini的piano作品the Caprice No. 24 in A minor於1873年的夏天作成。有管絃樂與雙鋼琴兩種樂譜版本。
2. 《巴格尼尼主題狂想曲》（Paganini Rhapsody）、是俄國人a Russian拉赫曼尼諾夫（Sergei Rachmaninoff 1873 - 1943）受蓋希文『藍色狂想曲』的作品的影響，在1934年譜作的有協奏曲風格的狂想曲，由獨奏鋼琴與管弦樂演奏。全曲由25段主題與變奏曲形成，不過既稱「狂想曲」而不稱「變奏曲」，則其形式有時異於一般變奏曲」、依據「鋼琴協奏曲」的樣式、曲中偶而露出有點爵士風格的和弦進行
我的回應：表現相當不俗！你全答對了有關《巴格尼尼主題狂想曲》（Paganini Rhapsody）部分。
至於《巴格尼尼主題變奏曲》（Paganini Variations）部分你答對了是布拉姆斯的作品。不過這部作品的編制應只有鋼琴曲一種而沒有你說的另有管弦樂的編制。
至於《海頓主題變奏曲》（Haydn Variations）部分，該曲應是布拉姆斯的「管弦樂」作品，主題是取自Haydn創作的Chorale of St. Antoni。布拉姆斯另將之編為「鋼琴聯彈」，用於與舒曼之妻克拉拉共同彈奏。
(Berlioz, 1803-1869) |
多謝 成美 (請你留言Message #131) 試答！他的答案：著名交響曲「The Symphonie Fantastique」(subtitled "Episodes in the Life of an Artist")是 French composer「 HECTOR BERLIOZ」的作品。
The Five Movements of this「 Symphonie Fantastique」are
1. "Reveries Passions"
2. “A Ball”
3. “Scene in the Fields” or “In the Country”
4. “March to the Scaffold” 。
5. "Dream of a Witches' Sabbath"。
這部交響曲的主題是以莎士比亞「Hamlet」劇作品作成的。
我的回應：What a "fantastic" response to the question! 只是最後一問：「這個作曲家作有以莎士比亞劇作為主題的作品，你能清楚指出這部作品嗎？」你的答案：「這部交響曲的主題是以莎士比亞「Hamlet」劇作品作成的。」並不正確！不過，Berlioz確曾作有與Hamlet有關的作品，該作品是《哈姆雷特終幕中之送葬進行曲（Mache Funebre pour la Scene de Hamlet）》。然而，他的《羅密歐與朱麗葉交響曲》（Romeo et Juliette）才是他最著名的以莎士比亞劇作為主題的作品。
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
多謝 善意 (請你留言Message #126) 試答！他的答案：（俄國人Russian）彼得 ‧ 伊里奇 ‧ 柴可夫斯基Piotr ( Peter ) Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) 將完成了的「鋼琴協奏曲」請求「題獻對象」評價時，對方卻說「作品無法彈奏必須修改」！
當他將完成了的「小提琴協奏曲」獻給小提琴教授兼演奏家，以及要求他擔任首演獨奏時，對方說「作品無法彈奏」！
作曲家非常失望但堅持不修改原作。不多久作品演出成功及被普遍接受。
‧ 他作有7 部交響曲
1. 《g小調第一交響曲「冬之夢」》Symphony No. 1 "Winter Daydreams"（1866年）──第一號交響曲是受到俄羅斯冬季景象啟發寫成，所以又名「冬之夢」，雖然柴可夫斯基自認有點瑕疵，但它無疑包藏了美好青年時期的夢與情懷。
2. 《c小調第二交響曲》（1872年）Symphony No. 2 "Little Russian"
3. 《D大調第三交響曲》（1875年）Symphony No. 3 "Polish"
4. 《f小調第四交響曲》（1878年Symphony No. 4 - a breakthrough work in terms of emotional depth and complexity, particularly in its very large opening movement
5. ）《曼費德交響曲》（1885年）Manfred Symphony - written between the Fourth and Fifth Symphonies, is also a major piece, as well as a demanding one. The music is often very tough
6. 《e小調第五交響曲》（1888年）Symphony No. 5
7. 《b小調第六交響曲「悲愴」》Symphony No. 6 "Pathetique"（1893年），作曲家最著名的一部交響曲，於他逝世前兩個月才完成。
‧ 他作有 部鋼琴協奏曲
1. 《降b小調第一鋼琴協奏曲》（1874年）Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor, Op. 23 (1874-5)
2. 《義大利隨想曲》（1880年）Concert Fantasia in G for piano and orchestra, Op. 56 (1884)
3. Andante and Finale for piano and orchestra, Op. posth. 79 (1893)
‧ 他作有一 部小提琴協奏曲
D大調小提琴協奏曲是柴可夫斯基的唯一一首小提琴協奏曲創作（1878年）
，也是他繼《第4號交響曲》和歌劇《尤金‧奧涅金》後的精心鉅作。由於此曲相當優秀、動聽，並廣受世人喜愛，而被後人推崇為堪與貝多芬、孟德爾頌和布拉姆斯的小提琴協奏曲相互媲美的偉大作品。
我的回應：非常好！非常好！正正是柴可夫斯基啊！要補充的是：柴記有號數的交響曲共有六部。他的Manfred Symphony雖名稱上有 Symphony的稱號，實際上說它是具有四個樂章的交響詩還比較恰當一些（這點可從柴氏本人並不將之與其他六部交響曲同等看待看得到）。至於說到柴記的鋼琴協奏曲，他共寫有三部，你說的《第一》答得沒錯；不過，《義大利隨想曲》和《Concert Fantasia》應該不屬於柴記的鋼協作品；至於你說的《Andante and Finale for piano and orchestra, Op. posth. 79》應是後人替柴記補寫的第三鋼琴協奏曲的第二和第三樂章（柴記的《第三鋼協》是單樂章作品）。
(Liszt, 1811-1886) |
(Brahms, 1833-1897) |
多謝 合想 (請你留言Message #124) 試答！他的答案：
1. 匈牙利舞曲（Hungarian Dances）是德國浪漫主義作曲家、約翰尼斯 ‧ 布拉姆斯 (Johannes Brahms1833年~ 1897年 ) 的作品。這作品原本的編制是為鋼琴聯彈曲目而寫的。
2. 匈牙利幻想曲（Hungarian Fantasia）是匈牙利浪漫主義作曲家、交響詩大師、 鋼琴之王的法蘭茲 ‧ 李斯特 (Franz Liszt 1811年-1886年 ) 的作品。這作品原本的編制是為鋼琴及管弦樂而寫的。
3. 匈牙利狂想曲（Hungarian Rhapsodies）也是這匈牙利人、法蘭茲 ‧ 李斯特 ( Franz Liszt 1811年-1886年 ) 的作品。這作品原本的編制是為鋼琴曲目而寫的。
我的回應：完滿！完滿！非常完滿的答案！
(Mahler, 1860-1911) |
多謝 無奈 (請你留言Message #122) 試答！他的答案：馬勒（Mahler, 1860-1911）作有9部完整的的交響曲（他的第10部只作有一個樂章）。
1. 這9部交響曲中純器樂作品有：
‧ 1884–1888 Symphony No. 1 in D major for orchestra
‧ 1901–1902 Symphony No. 5 in C sharp minor for orchestra
‧ 1903–1904 Symphony No. 6 in A minor for orchestra
‧ 1904–1905 Symphony No. 7 in E minor for orchestra
‧ 1909–1910 Symphony No. 9 for orchestra
‧ 1910 Symphony No. 10 in F sharp minor for orchestra
2. 這9部交響曲中最短小的一部（也接近一小時）的是Symphony No. 4 in G major。
3. 這9部交響曲中最長大的一部（超過一個半小時）的是Symphony No. 5 in C sharp minor。
4. 這9部交響曲中最多人演出的一部是1906–1907 的Symphony No. 8 in E flat major (Teil): also known as "Symphony of a Thousand", though not named by Mahler( 33 sopranos, 2 altos, tenor, baritone, bass, 2 mixed choruses, boys' choir, organ and orchestra) 。
5. 這9部交響曲中只寫給「管弦樂」及「女高音獨唱」而沒有合唱的是1899–1900 Symphony No. 4 in G major for soprano and orchestra。
我的回應：不錯！不錯！除2、3項外你都答對了！馬勒最長大的一部交響曲肯定是他的「第三」，這點不會有疑問！至於最短小的一部是他的「第一」和「第四」之爭，兩者相差不過分零兩分鐘而已！我翻查我的CD收藏證明全部都是「第一」最短小，而第四比第一長分零兩分鐘左右。
(Holst, 1874-1934) |
多謝 達貴 (請你留言Message #118) 試答！他的答案：著名的《行星組曲》（The Planets Suite）是英 國人( English) 霍爾斯特( Holst) 的作品
組曲中
1. 第一曲樂章描述的行星名字是- 火星( Mars )，代表戰爭之神 (The Bringer of War - Allegro)
2. 第二曲樂章描述的行星名字是- 金星( Venus )，代表和平之神 (The Bringer of Peace - Adagio)
3. 第三曲樂章描述的行星名字是 - 水星( Mercury )，代表飛翔之神 (The Winged Messenger - Vivace)
4. 第四曲樂章描述的行星名字是- 木星( Jupiter )，代表快樂之神 (The Bringer Of Jollity - Allegro giocoso)
5. 第五曲樂章描述的行星名字是 - 土星( Saturn )，代表老年之神 (The Bringer Of Old Age - Adagio)
6. 第六曲樂章描述的行星名字是 - 天王星( Uranus )，代表魔術之神 (The Magician - Allegro)
7. 第七曲樂章描述的行星名字是 - 海王星( Neptune )，代表神秘之神 (The Mystic - Andante)
我的回應：妙！沒有比你答得更好、更完整、更完美了！
(Sibelius, 1865-1957) |
多謝 宜有 (請你留言Message #116) 試答！他的答案：主要創作「管弦樂」，享年八十六歲，比所有著名作曲家都要長壽的是法國作曲家、夏爾‧卡米爾‧聖桑（法語：Charles Camille Saint-Saens）(1835年10月9日－1921年12月16日) 。當時他的祖國仍未能獨立自主。他的樂曲對同胞爭取國家獨立自主有很大鼓舞作用。他是同胞的國寶級人物。During the First World War, Saint-Saens led a group of French musicians to boycott German music, but took the risk in France and across the Atlantic Ocean despite the danger from German warships to perform music to raise money for war charities against Germany
他作有5部交響曲。
他最能鼓舞同胞愛國情緒的「交響詩」是《骷髏之舞》（Danse Macabre）作品40，又名《死之舞》，是聖桑根據昂利‧卡薩利斯的詩作、創作此首交響詩。
他又作有
‧ 5部「鋼琴協奏曲」、
‧ 3部「小提琴協奏曲」和
‧ 2部「大提琴協奏曲」。
我的回應：你答的「聖桑」並不完全符合題目的要求！這個人物應是芬蘭作曲家「西貝流士」（Sibelius, 1865-1957），他活了幾乎92歲（他12月生9月死）。他作有7部交響曲。他的著名交響詩《芬蘭頌》（Finlandia）鼓舞了國民反抗沙俄統治的愛國情緒。他作有一部小提琴協奏曲（他並無鋼琴協奏曲、大提琴協奏曲的作品）。多謝試答！繼續努力！
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
多謝 Melody (請你留言Message #114) 試答！他的答案：1840-1893柴可夫斯基（Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky）最受歡迎的樂曲《1812序曲》《1812 Overture》is composed to commemorate “Russia's defence against Napoleon's invasion and Russian's final victory over Napoleon's invasion.”
1. 所涉及的戰爭的歷史內容是:-
Napoleon took 600,000 French soldiers from June 1812 to invade Russia.
The smart Russians chose not to fight Napoleon directly. They retreated to Moscow instead. On their way they purposely burnt all food and buildings to starve the French Napoleon Army. As the Napoleon army approached deeper into the interior of Russia they were seriously trapped with inadequate food and supplies and the extremely cold winter. Suffering from exhaustion, starvation and sickness and losing 5,000 soldiers a day, Napoleon was forced to retreat from Russia. Therefore on 7th September1812, the Russian Army finally beat Napoleon in the Battle of Borodino, 60 miles outside Moscow. In this victory More than 100,000 people were killed.
2. 有一部世界文學名著也是包含這個歷史背景的，這部文學作品的名字是《戰爭與和平》《War and Peace》
3. 這部文學作品的作者是a Russian novelist（Leo Tolstoy）
我的回應：Wonderful! Wonderful! What a wonderful perfect answer!
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
多謝 無奈 (請你留言Message #112) 試答！他的答案：貝多芬Ludwig van Beethoven寫給「小提琴獨奏與管弦樂」的作品有:-
‧ 編制比較小，規模也比較小的單樂章兩首小提琴
1. 作品40與
2. 作品50的
浪漫曲，
3. WoO 5協奏曲，是貝多芬另一首只寫到中途第1樂章的作品。
4. 「Violin Concerto in D major , Op. 61」小提琴協奏曲D大調作品61。這首是他唯一創作完成的小提琴與管弦樂獨奏曲。這首傑作有「小提琴協奏曲之王」之稱。是他在1806年創作完成的。
我的回應：要高聲歡呼！你的答案完全正確無誤啊！為了令第三者對這幾部作品一目了然，我將它們再完整地列出如下：
Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in D major, Op.61
Romance for Violin and Orchestra No.1 in G major, Op.40
Romance for Violin and Orchestra No.2 in F major, Op.50
 (Bruckner, 1824-1896) |
多謝 安定 (請你留言Message #110) 試答！他的答案：享年只有三十五歲的天才莫札特Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 是德國人。他是個虔誠的天主教徒。他雖然英年早逝，但是，他留下的作品卻超過六百件。他的創作都是對天主的崇高奉獻。雖然不能準確肯定他創作的交響曲數量，但是，他必作有超過約四十多首交響樂，(包括，他在1791年，在Vienna，創作，直到他早逝，未完成留在世的絕響《安魂曲》：The Requiem Mass in D minor (K. 626))
我的回應：「莫扎特」並不完全符合題目的要求。例如：題目中提及「這個作曲家似乎缺乏自信，經常修改自己的作品」，而莫扎特是一個才思敏捷、創作速度快及充滿自信的作曲家。本題所描述的人物是奧地利作曲家「布魯克納」（Anton Bruckner, 1824-1896）。他共作有9部交響曲（第9交響曲未完成，只作有三個樂章）。附有名稱的一部是他的《降E大調第4交響曲「浪漫」》（Symphony No.4 in E flat major "Romantic"）。
多謝試答！繼續努力！
(Brahms, 1833-1897) |
 (Clara Schumann, 1819-1896) |
(Schumann, 1810-1856) |
多謝 William (請你留言Message #108) 試答！他的答案：Clara Wieck, or Clara Schumann (from13th September 1819 to20th May 1896), the German musician and composer, makes me think of:-
1. Robert Schumann and
2. Johannes Brahms.
1. Robert Schumann was the nine year older composer she married to against her father's will.
2. Johannes Brahms was a 14 years younger composer who became her close and lifelong but unusually sympathetic friend. He often received encouragement and advice from Clara and Robert. Clara was the first musician to publicly perform his work. Furthermore she premiered some of his compositions.
When Clara was "in despair," expecting Robert Schumann's eighth child amid Robert Schumann's attempted suicide and subsequent confinement in a mental sanatorium Brahms rushed to grieve with her and played music with Joachim, Dietrich, and Julius Otto Grimm for or with her in1854.
Not long after Robert died, Brahms had struggled so miserably figuring out between love and respect for her and her husband that almost led him to suicidal thoughts. So he left Clara abruptly that greatly hurt her even though they kept exchanging letters. Clara burnt most of the letters upon his request to have them destroyed until her oldest child, Marie who was of great support and help to Clara stopped her. Another daughter, Eugenie, who was too young to remember her father Robert, wrote a book on the Schumanns and Brahms for Brahms had helped Clara and her many children tremendously by moving to live above the Schumann apartment nearby in a three-storey house which is now a museum, the "Brahmshaus" (Brahms house)., setting his musical career aside temporarily from 1863 to 1873. Therefore Clara much appreciated Brahms's support as a kindred musical spirit as what she wrote in her diary with great affection and respect, "I could not refuse, for indeed I love him like a son".
Brahms remained single for life.
我的回應：What a marvellous answer! What you presented, whether in relevance or accuracy, is good enough to get the perfect score!
(Mahler, 1860-1911) |
(Schubert, 1797-1828) |
(Brahms, 1833-1897) |
多謝 Andrea (請你留言Message #106) 試答！他的答案：
1. Bach's Cum sancto spiritu, Mass in B Minor
2. Beethoven's Sonata Pathetique
3. Beethoven's "Eroica" symphony funeral march
4. Elgar's "Nimrod", For the dead of war
5. George Butterworth's 'Lads in their Hundreds'
6. George Butterworth's lyrical "Bredon Hill"
7. Purcell's 'Dido's Lament'
8. Rachmaninoff's Piano Concertos nos. 2 & 3, especially 2.
9. Rachmaninov's Isle of the dead.
10. Rachmaninov's second piano concerto
11. Richard Strauss' Metamorphosen for Strings
12. Schubert's String Quintet in C, 'Adagio'
13. Schubert's Winterreise
14. most of Shostakovich's Symphonies,
15. Stravinsky's Firebird Suite, especially the Prelude and Enchanted Garden.
16. Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake
17. Tchaikovsky's Symphony #6, the Pathetique.
18. Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto
19. Wagner Siegfried's Funeral Music, Gotterdammerung
20. James Horner's "My Heart Will Go On" in the Movie "Titanic"
我的回應：Thank you for your effort of listing so many pieces of music which supposedly satisfy the requirement of the question. Nevertheless, you make a substantial mistake of taking the term 'pathetique' as an equivalent to 'tragic', and using this as your criterion of listing. It is unambiguous in my question that the wording of 'Tragic' (「悲劇」) should appear as part of the title of the work. There are three acceptable appropriate works satisfying the requirement of the question, listed as follows:
──Brahms: Tragic Overture, Op.81
──Schubert: Symphony No.4 in C minor, 'Tragic' D417
──Mahler: Symphony No.6 in A minor, 'Tragic'
Thank you again and welcome to accept the next challenge!
(Shostakovich, 1906-1975) |
(Haydn, 1732-1809) |
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
(Britten, 1913-1976) |
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
多謝 有為 (請你留言Message #104) 試答！他的答案：
‧貝多芬的《戰爭交響曲》
‧布列頓的《戰爭安魂曲》
‧華格納的《女武神的騎行》
‧莫札特的《安魂曲》
‧比才的《採珠者》
‧馬士卡尼的《鄉間騎士間奏曲》
‧霍華蕭爾的《友誼》（魔戒首部曲之魔戒現身）
‧約翰威廉士的《鳳凰佛克使》（哈利波特消失的密室）
‧杜卡斯的《幻想曲》（魔法師的門徒）
‧梅爾吉勃遜的《英雄本色》（詹姆士霍納）
‧和艾爾加《謎語變奏曲》中著名的《獵人寧洛
我的回應：你所列出的樂曲中我只接受頭兩項（即貝多芬的《戰爭交響曲》和布列頓的《戰爭安魂曲》）為正確答案。可能由於我問題中「戰爭」一詞未有好好定義，以至在選曲上會有模稜兩可的地方。我原意是指作品的主旨或名稱上與「戰爭」有關。這裡包括你選的兩部，我將這些與「戰爭」有關的著名古典音樂作品列於下方：
──Beethoven: Wellington's Victory (or The Battle of Vitoria or "Battle Symphony"), Op.91
──Britten: War Requiem, Op.66
──Tchaikovsky: 1812 Overture, Op.49
──Haydn: Symphony No.100 in G major 'Military'
──Shostakovich: Symphony No.7 in C major, Op.60 'Leningrad'
補充（2015年6月24日）：今天從閱讀得知Shostakovich還有他的第8和第9交響曲都是與「戰爭」有關，因此下面補回此兩曲名：
──Shostakovich: Symphony No.8 in C minor, Op.65
──Shostakovich: Symphony No.9 in E flat major, Op.70
(Saint-Saens, 1835-1921) |
多謝 宜有 (請你留言Message #102) 試答！他的答案：1835年10月9日－1921年12月16日 , 享年八十六歲的夏爾‧卡米爾‧聖桑
（法語：Charles Camille Saint-Saens）是個長壽及多產的法國作曲家。
他是布拉姆斯的後輩 , 柴可夫斯基的前輩。
他作有多於一部的舞劇、神劇、清唱劇、交響詩、室內樂 、13 齣歌劇，包括著名的歌劇《參孫與大利拉 (黛麗拉) 》（Samson et Dalila）.....等作品及:-
‧5部交響曲
‧5部鋼琴協奏曲
‧3部小提琴協奏曲
‧2部大提琴協奏曲
他最著名的一部交響曲就是為了悼念李斯特而在一八八六年完成的《C小調第三號交響曲》(Sym. #3 in C minor 'Organ' Op.78) 。
他有一部十分受歡迎及老少咸宜的管弦樂作品 , 名稱是《動物狂歡節》Carnaval des Animaux。
我的回應：非常厲害！非常厲害！十分滿意的答案！有個地方需要補充一下：聖桑一生的確曾共作有五部交響曲，但其中有兩部他因為不滿意而沒有發表，所以今天他的作品目錄中只有第一、第二和第三號交響曲。因此，今天一般只說他共有三部交響曲作品。
(Bach, 1685-1750) |
多謝 達貴 (請你留言Message #100) 試答！他的答案：巴哈（J.S.Bach）篇幅最長（即演奏全曲需時亦最長）的作品，是他哪長達141個經節的「馬太受難曲（Matthauspassion）」; 演奏時間約為3個半小時。
他的另一部與此曲同是一類型作品的名稱是 : 僅含了四十二節的「約翰受難曲」，亦即是「根據約翰福音而作的受難曲」的簡稱。
這兩部作品是同樣敘述耶穌受難的史實。
由於聖經中，馬太福音的敘述，加添了耶穌被捉拿前的情景，使記述受難事蹟的經文加長了許多，又加上了巴哈對於兩部受難曲的樂曲的處理不同，所外，使馬太受難曲比約翰受難曲長了許多。
我的回應：你答得極度圓滿、充實和無可挑剔！
 (Eduard Strauss, 1835-1916) |
 (Josef Strauss, 1827-1870) |
(Johann Strauss II, 1825-1899) |
 (Johann Strauss I, 1804-1849) |
(R. Strauss, 1864-1949) |
多謝 William (請你留言Message #98) 試答！他的答案：
‧Richard Strauss (1864 - 1949) lived to 85years old. He was an important German composer, but he was not related to the other Strausses listed below:-
‧Eduard Strauss (1835 - 1916) lived to 82 years old. He was the youngest son of Johann I, the brother of Johann II and Josef. He wrote over 320 dances and marches and light music.
‧Johann Strauss II (1825 – 1899) (the Younger, Junior, the Son of Johann Strauss I) He was famous as 'The Waltz King’ He died at 74 years old.
‧Johann Strauss I (1804-1849) (the Elder, Senior, the Father of
1. Johann Strauss II,
2. Josef Strauss and
3. Eduard Strauss )
He lived to 45 years old. He was the Founder of the Strauss Musical Dynasty known as 'The Father of the Waltz'.
‧Josef Strauss (1827 - 1870) He was the second born son of Johann I. He wrote over 300 dances and marches and reorganised over 500 arrangements of other composers' works. He died at the age of 43.
我的回應：A sheer marvellous answer you provided! However, an answer to what Richard Strauss's most prominent works are has not been found in your answer as to fully satisfy the requirement of the question. Richard Strauss's most prominent and acclaimed works are his "symphonic poems", while the Strauss's family (the other four composers mentioned in this question) are prominent in their compositions of many wonderful waltzes.
(Vivaldi, 1678-1741) |
多謝 佳作 (請你留言Message #96) 試答！她的答案：有「紅髮神父」稱號的（Antonio Lucio Vivaldi）韋瓦第，是一位曾經叱吒風雲的、也贏得了全歐洲人敬仰賞識的「協奏曲之父」的稱號。
韋瓦第在1678年生於威尼斯，所以他是威尼斯人。
他是當時最多產、最有影響力的作曲家。他作有超過500部協奏曲、46部歌劇、73首奏鳴曲、以及無數的聖樂和室內音樂。所以他對「協奏曲」形式的發展作出了重大貢獻，受查理六世召他進宮還封侯加爵。
他最著名和最廣為人知的作品是（作於1725）的(維瓦爾第) 小提琴協奏曲）（四季）「Le quattro stagioni」。
我的回應：十分厲害！猜中了！Vivaldi的《四季協奏曲》太著名了！要補充的是：他沒錯是在威尼斯出生，所以他算是意大利人。
(Handel, 1685-1759) |
多謝 成材 (請你留言Message #94) 試答！她的答案：「Messiah」（彌賽亞）是最著名，最廣為人熟悉（現今最多人知道、最受歡迎和最經常演出）的一部神劇。
作曲者是德國人韓德爾George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) 。
他另創作了大約30部宗教和世俗神劇。大部分都以英語寫成。包括：他1738年的第一部宗教神劇《以色列人在埃及》、以及其他《「參孫」、「約瑟」、「猶大馬加比亞斯」、「約書亞」、及 「所羅門王」》，希臘神話《塞墨勒》等，和他最後1751年的《耶夫塔 ( 耶弗他 ) 》等等。當中《時間與真理的勝利》是一部以他自己的母語 : 德語寫成。
這個作曲家在1759 年病死去世，埋葬於英國西敏寺教堂。
我的回應：你答真很好、真充實和真完美！
29. 【舊問題：甚麼是「清唱劇」（cantata）？甚麼是「神劇」（oratorio）？兩者有甚麼關係？你知道「宣敘調」（recitative）和「詠歎調」（aria）的分別嗎？】(貼於2015.4.25)
多謝 比世 (請你留言Messages #91 and #92) 試答！她的答案：
（1）甚麼是「清唱劇」（cantata）？
（2）甚麼是「神劇」（oratorio）？
（3）兩者有甚麼關係？
（4）你知道「宣敘調」（recitative）和「詠歎調」（aria）的分別嗎？
清唱劇（cantata）早期的題材以世俗居多。在十九世紀以後的清唱劇，則大多取材於民間故事或者抒情詩詞。最早世俗清唱劇的題材包羅萬象，取材大多以民間故事。主題是以田園，愛情等等，宗教性題材只佔少數。在義大利是很受世俗歡迎的一種聲樂套曲。早期世俗清唱劇一般是獨唱的，以魯特琴或通奏低音伴奏，後來發展出多聲部的形式，為宗教神劇。清唱劇創作的高峰期是以十九世紀巴赫 (哈)。大部分巴赫 (哈) 的清唱劇
‧有一些清唱劇在開場合唱之前有序曲。
‧首尾段落為聖經詞句或是眾讚歌，作為歌詞的合唱。這些合唱大多具有利托奈羅曲式。
‧清唱劇的中段一般都是由包含對比主題的獨唱詠嘆調，宣敘調，重唱以及合唱構成。
‧部分清唱劇結尾使用所有會眾共同參與的眾贊合唱。
神劇（oratorio）初期又稱為「音樂宗教劇」，是從十六世紀中葉，由優勢背景的天主教會宗教傳道活動儀式，發展出來的，是推行十三世紀的「頌歌」。
到十八世紀中葉至十九世紀初的前古典時期與古典時期，神劇發展停滯。十九世紀盛行浪漫主義，德國神劇再度興起，與新興的音樂思想結合，發展出「舞台神劇」又稱「宗教歌劇」。到二十世紀，神劇從宗教場合形式，與非宗教的詩歌結合，轉變成合唱藝術，或純禮拜音樂，也發展變成用於宗教場合的宗教清唱劇。
宗教清唱劇一般比敘事性的神劇（oratorio）規模小，內容偏重於抒情或論述。事實沿革至今，神劇已演變為相似於歌劇或世俗的清唱劇。
「清唱劇」（cantata）和「神劇」（oratorio）的關係:-清唱劇和神劇一樣，是沒有舞台佈景和演員舞台動作的。清唱劇所使用的管弦樂團規模一般而言都比神劇小，有時僅僅幾名樂手也能演出清唱劇，而且清唱劇的演出長度通常也比神劇要短很多。神劇通常都是有劇情的，但清唱劇有時是可以沒有劇情故事，歌者只是單純地敘事或抒發情感。但在巴赫 (哈) 十九世紀時，為數可觀的清唱劇中，大多數是宗教性的內容，世俗的反而只佔少數。巴赫 (哈) 之後 (十九世紀之後)，隨著樂隊規模的擴大，宗教題材的（清唱劇）與（神劇）的界限變得模糊，同時大量的世俗（清唱劇）出現，也大大豐富了清唱劇的創作題材和形式，讓界定清唱劇變得更加困難。
宣敘調：和詠歎調的分別:-
1. 宣敘調（Recitative）是敘事的，是動態的推進。
2. 詠歎調（aria）是抒情的是靜態的抒發。
比較起來，宣敘調就顯得並不好聽。
1. 宣敘調又叫做「吟誦調」，風格以「歌詞」為主，敘述戲劇的情節。各角色在歌劇中以半唱半說的「朗誦」形式加上了適度音樂的一種宣示個人情愫的交互對話。
2. 詠歎調（aria）（又譯抒情調）原指任何抒情的音樂旋律，多為獨唱曲，但也有例外。現時詠嘆調被狹義為幾乎專指管弦樂隊伴奏的獨唱曲。無論如何，歌劇中的詠嘆調數目是最多的，但清唱劇和大合唱中也都有為數不少的詠嘆調。Aria一字最早出現在14世紀，原指歌唱藝人或鍍金工匠的作風與風格。後來漸漸被專用於音樂方面。而最早Aria還可以指歐洲古代十四行詩的配樂和一些管弦純音樂。最初，詠嘆調的模式是沒有重複的，而自17世紀開始，開始出現了以ABA模式重複的三段式詠嘆調，成為「返始詠嘆調」（da capo aria）。此後，詠嘆調漸漸開始在歌劇中占有愈來愈多的份量，並出現更多精細的分類。19世紀中期以後的歌劇，很多都是多個詠嘆調的集合，宣敘調的愈來愈少。19世紀中期以後的歌劇需要對白時，大都以實際對話方式演出，愈來愈少將對白寫成宣敘調。
我的回應：你詳盡亦不失真確的資料對我們深入認識答案十分有用！這點要額外多謝你！為了令第三者掌握答案重點，讓我將重點提綱挈領：
cantata是一種包含宣敘調、詠歎調、重唱和合唱而配以管弦樂、只唱不演（這點是cantata和opera的主要分別）的樂曲類型。內容可以是故事性或非故事性，一般可分為church cantata（宗教清唱劇）和secular cantata（世俗清唱劇）兩大類。其後有cantata演化出講述聖經故事及較大型演出的作品，是為oratorio。
宣敘調（recitative）是伴奏簡單、半敘述半唱的歌唱形式；詠歎調（aria）則是完整的抒情歌曲。
(Bach, 1685-1750) |
多謝 善意 (請你留言Message #89) 試答！她的答案：（Air on G String）G 弦上的詠歎調，又名為《 G 弦之歌》。
原曲是由（Johann Sebastian Bach）巴赫創作于1727至1736年之間。
(1685至1750年) 的巴赫是德國人。
此曲，G 弦上的詠歎調，是出自巴赫哪充滿詩意旋律美的作品《第三號管弦樂組曲》（Orchestral Suites No's 1 and 3 #09，Overture No. 3 BWV 1068 in D major - Air）的第二樂章主題。巴赫的原曲是沒有表情與速度記號的。
在十九世紀，一百年後，德國著名的小提琴家（August Wilhelmj 1845至1908年）威廉密，將這首作品的第二樂章，這一段主題，作了改編。威廉密將巴赫哪第小提琴聲部的曲調，由D大調改為C大調。
在樂器上， 以小提琴獨奏為主，輔以大健琴伴奏，同時又將旋律全部移至小提琴G弦上演奏，奏出悠長“甚慢，極有表情”的旋律。使全曲後半段的新旋律產生膾炙人口的變化。使表情變得更豐富而莊重的靜。最後哪悠長而莊重旋律的靜，在由似莊重祈禱般的氣氛中結束。
由于主奏小提琴必須在G弦（小提琴四根弦中最粗的一根弦）上演奏全部旋律，故此命名為《G弦上的詠歎調》。
我的回應：正確！正確！正確！讓我將樂曲出處重覆一次：出自 J.S. Bach 的 Overture (Orchestral Suite) No.3 in D major, BWV 1068 的第二樂章：Air。
(Smetana, 1824-1884) |
多謝 美儀 (請你留言Message #87) 試答！她的答案：Bedrich Smetana 1824-1884 作有歌劇、管弦樂、室內樂等作品。
他是個捷克人(Czech)，是個民族主義作曲家。
他晚年受到耳患困擾，終至精神錯亂，在精神病院終老。
他最受歡迎的一部opera「歌劇」作品是Prodana nevesta (“The Bartered Bride”).
和一部symphonic poem「交響詩」名字 Vltava - Die Moldau, (Cycle 6) Ma vlast (“My Homeland”), (My Country).
我的回應：答得好！答得完美！少少補充：歌劇《The Bartered Bride》中譯是《被出賣的新娘》。《Ma Vlast》（我的祖國）是一部交響詩組曲，當中以第二樂章的《Die Moldau》（摩爾道河）最為著名。
(Beethoven, 1770-1827) |
多謝 Grace (請你留言Message #85) 試答！她的答案：在貝多芬九大交響曲中編制最短小的交響曲作品是第八號F大調Op. 93交響曲。 本曲如D所示"愉悅跳脫"。
我的回應：非常好！正確正確！
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
多謝 Frank (請你留言Message #81)及 Melody (請你留言Message #82) 試答！
Frank的答案：說到「梅克（N. F. von Meck）夫人」這個名字，會聯想到作曲家（柴可夫斯基 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky）
Melody的答案：說到「梅克（N. F. von Meck）夫人1831 & - 1894」這個名字，會聯想到作曲家 柴可夫斯基 (Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky because she is best known for her artistic relationship with Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. His Symphony No. 4 in F minor was speacially dedicated to her.
Although they never met each other, they had exchanged over 1,200 intimate letters between years 1877 and 1890. In his letters he disclosed more to her about his life and his creative composing processes than to any other person while梅克夫regularly professed her hatred of marriage to Tchaikovsky.because she never believed in marriage herself.
他們兩人的關係是崇高的。
富孀梅克夫人-限于通信來往， 經濟援助柴可夫斯基，是柴可夫斯基未見過面的紅顏知己。
Tchaikovsky was grateful for 梅克夫(von Meck's) financial support which enabled him to his full-time composition though with stress and embarrassment.
梅克夫was born into a rich family and was well cultivated in music, literature, history, foreign languages, visual arts and philosophy.
At 16 she married Karl Otto Georg von Meck, a 28-year-old engineer, the son of major Otto Adam von Meck, a Baltic German family. Together they had 13 children, of whom 11 survived to adulthood.
She encouraged her husband to invest money and be responsible in extending the Russian railway track from the existing 100miles track to over 15,000 miles twenty years later. The highly profitable Moscow to Ryazan line and the monopoly of grain transport from the Black Earth Region of Central Russia made him a multi-millionaire. In 1873 Karl died suddenly leaving梅克夫人by will to control over his vast financial holdings, the two railway networks, large estates and several million rubles.
梅克夫人then concentrated on her business affairs and on the education of her seven children who were still at home. She sold one railway and ran the other one with the aid of her brother and her eldest son, Vladimir.
Her children were not always grateful for her extreme degree care. Julia was her only child who was most eager to please her.
She finally died of tuberculosis in 13 January 1894.
我的回應：
To Frank: 你簡潔的答案已充份滿足了題目的要求了！我也無需作任何補充了！
To Melody: Your correct and elaborate answer is amazing!
(Mozart, 1756-1791) |
多謝 登峰 (請你留言Message #78) 試答！她的答案：這部十分優美、寫給小提琴獨奏、中提琴獨奏及管弦樂的三樂章樂曲是:
(孟德爾頌) e小調小提琴協奏曲（德語：Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64）
(孟德爾頌) e小調小提琴協奏曲是孟德爾頌 (Felix Mendelssohn)所有作品中最傑出的創作。
孟德爾頌從1838年開始構思這支曲子，一直到1844年才完成，前後歷時7年。
孟德爾頌是德國人(a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period.) 。
這部作品的全名是小提琴協奏曲 (孟德爾頌) e小調小提琴協奏曲（德語：Violinkonzert e-Moll op. 64）
我的回應：你答的孟德爾頌的《E小調小提琴協奏曲》沒有「中提琴獨奏」，所以不符題目的要求！這首樂曲應是奧地利作曲家莫扎特（Mozart, 1756-1791）的《為小提琴、中提琴和管弦樂寫的降E大調交響協奏曲，K364》（Sinfonia Concertante in E-flat Major for Violin, Viola and Orchestra, K364）的三樂章作品。多謝試答！繼續努力！
(Elgar, 1857-1934) |
多謝 家得 (請你留言Message #76) 試答！她的答案：著名的《謎語變奏曲》（Enigma Variations）是《1857－1934愛德華‧埃(艾)爾加》(Edward Elgar）1899年的作品。
愛德華‧埃爾加是英國人。
原題為《謎語》。由主題和14段變奏曲組成。
這部變奏曲的主題《謎語變奏曲》（Enigma Variations）是法國人《Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt 》(1996) 創作的。
全部《謎語變奏曲》共有十四段變奏。
我的回應：除了這部變奏曲的主題的原作者一項外，其他的你都答得正確無誤！變奏曲的主題（這裡「主題」是指依此而寫出各個變奏的音樂主題）亦是Elgar的原創，這可以由作品名稱《Variations on an original theme, op.36 "Enigma"》中的"original"字眼看得到。
|
(Bizet, 1838-1875) |
多謝 Honey Bee (請你留言Message #74) 試答！她的答案：短命作曲家is an Austrian composer是奧地利作曲家Franz Peter Schubert舒巴特
He was born on 31st January, 1797 and died on 19th November, 1828, short-built, short-sighted, and short-lived.
他的作品有清唱劇、歌劇、鋼琴曲、歌曲、管弦樂和9部交響曲。
他最後的一部歌劇叫”Fierrabras” (1823).
我的回應：舒伯特並不太符合題目的資料！這人應是法國作曲家比才（Georges Bizet, 1838-1875），活著還不到三十七歲。他的最後一部歌劇《卡門》（Carmen）幾乎是全部歌劇作品中最受歡迎的一部，可惜它首演的失敗卻令比才含恨而終！他唯一的一部《C大調交響曲》也頗受歡迎。多謝試答！繼續努力！
(Brahms, 1833-1897) |
多謝 再試 (請你留言Message #72) 試答！她的答案：布拉姆斯（Brahms, 1833-1897）的四部交響曲都是嘔心瀝血的傑作。
《第一交響曲》是描述D.英雄氣概、仰天長嘯
《第二交響曲》是描述B.田園風格、靜中有動。
《第三交響曲》是描述A.跌宕有致、短小精悍
《第四交響曲》是描述C.孤高遁世、蒼涼孤寂。
我的回應：完全正確！證明你對布拉姆斯的交響曲有十分不俗的理解！
(Mozart, 1756-1791) |
(Haydn, 1732-1809) |
(Shostakovich, 1906-1975) |
多謝 Honey Bee (請你留言Message #70) 試答！她的答案：有（城鎮）名稱作為別名的交響曲有3部
‧ 作曲者、Leonard Bernstein (Louis)
別名
‧ On the Town, 1944
‧ Wonderful Town 1952
‧ West Side Story, 1957
我的回應：你可能誤會了題目的意思，「城鎮」名稱不是指這兩個字眼而是指個別城或鎮的名稱用作交響曲的別名。我所知的有以下幾部作品：
Shostakovich（蕭士塔高維契）: Symphony No.7 in C major,"Leningrad"（列寧格勒）
Haydn（海頓）: Symphony No.104 in D major,"London"（倫敦）
Haydn（海頓）: Symphony No.92 in G major,"Oxford"（牛津）
Mozart（莫扎特）: Symphony No.31 in D major,"Paris"（巴黎）
Mozart（莫扎特）: Symphony No.36 in C major,"Linz"（林茲）
Mozart（莫扎特）: Symphony No.38 in D major."Prague"（布拉格）
多謝試答！繼續努力！
(Mozart, 1756-1791) |
多謝 成金 (請你留言Message #68) 試答！她的答案：莫扎特的整體作品中，「"K"作品編號」數目最大的是編號 K621（1791年）的《狄托的仁慈》
若單計「交響曲」是K.551編號的「C大調第四十一交響曲（朱庇特）」( Symphony No.41 in C Major (Jupiter),
單計「歌劇」又是編號K621（1791年）的《狄托的仁慈》
我的回應：歌劇和交響曲方面都答對了！整體作品方面K作品編號最大的一部作品應是《D小調安魂曲，K626》（Requiem in D minor, K626）亦是莫扎特的最後一部作品。
(Mozart, 1756-1791) |
多謝 佳作 (請你留言Message #64) 試答！她的答案：莫扎特Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart（德語）廿多部歌劇中，最為人所認識和最常演出的其中三部和最後的一部有
1. (1782年), ‘The Abduction from the Seraglio’ 《後宮誘逃》（德語：Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail）。
2. (1786年), ‘The Marriage of Figaro’ 《費加洛婚禮》（義大利文：Le Nozze Di Figaro）。
3. (1791年) The Magic Flute 《魔笛》（德語：Die Zauberflote）。這部作品於9月30日一炮而紅，也是莫札特最後一齣歌劇。
我的回應：對！對！對！都答對了！莫扎特有多部歌劇十分成功和受歡迎，除了你說的三部外，還有"Don Giovanni"（《唐喬望尼》）、"Cosi fan tutte"（《大家都這樣》）......等等，所以沒有絕對的答案。
(Liszt, 1811-1886) |
多謝 富有 (請你留言Message #62) 試答！她的答案：有鋼琴演奏拿手好戲和創作「交響詩」（symphonic poem）拿手好戲的作曲家是一個匈牙利人“ Hungarian composer” :-李斯特 “ Franz Liszt”
他的兩部附加有名稱的交響曲的名稱是:-
1. 《匈牙利幻想曲》Hungarian Rhapsodies和
2. 《浮士德交響曲》Faust Symphony
我的回應：作曲家你答對了！交響曲你答對了《浮士德交響曲》這一部！另外一部應是《但丁交響曲》（Dante Symphony）。不論是《匈牙利幻想曲》（Hungarian Fantasia）還是《匈牙利狂想曲》（Hungarian Rhapsodies）雖然都是李斯特的作品，但都不是交響曲作品。多謝試答！繼續努力！
(Schubert, 1797-1828) |
多謝 習思 (請你留言Message #59) 試答！她的答案：著名的《鱒魚五重奏Trout Quintet》是奧地利Austria作曲家舒伯( 巴) 特Franz Schubert1819年的作品
它的五個聲部有鋼琴piano、低音提琴double bass、大提琴cello、中提琴viola及小提琴violin五個樂器的組合。
它會有「鱒魚」之名的主要原因是 : 它的第4樂章，採用了原本是他的一首詩"Die Forelle" (The Trout)「鱒魚」而得名。舒伯特因政治因素遭囚禁。在牢獄中的他因對自由生活的渴望，而作了「鱒魚」這首詩。
舒伯特將這首詩譜成了歌曲《鱒魚》，後來再將「鱒魚」加以變奏了，譜寫成了五重奏的其中一個樂章，再加上其他的樂章，成為了現時的《鱒魚》版本而創作了為人所認識的《鱒魚五重奏》
我的回應：你答得太好了！應得滿分！
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893) |
多謝 Melody (請你留言Message #56) 試答！她的答案：Ballets of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky柴可夫斯基的芭蕾舞劇（1840-1893）有
‧ Swan Lake天鵝湖1877,
‧ Sleeping Beauty睡美人 1890,
‧ Nutcracker胡桃鉗1892
3部
我的回應：完全正確無誤！
14. 【舊問題：如不另加註明，鋼琴五重奏（Piano Quintet）一般包含哪五個聲部？】(貼於2015.1.29)
多謝 合想 (請你留言Message #53) 試答！他的答案：鋼琴五重奏Piano Quintet一般包含的五個聲部是四件弦樂器four string instruments 1. 小提琴violin, 2. 中提琴viola, 3. 大提琴cello, 4. 低音提琴double bass. 與鋼琴piano五個聲部
我的回應：鋼琴五重奏（piano quintet）如沒有特別註明的話，五個聲部一般是指鋼琴（piano）、第一小提琴（1st violin）、第二小提琴（2nd violin）、中提琴（viola）和大提琴（cello）。所以piano quintet有時會視為是「鋼琴和弦樂四重奏」的組合。著名例子有布拉姆斯的"Piano Quintet in F minor, op.34"。如果鋼琴五重奏是你說的組合的話，則須要另加註明。多謝試答！繼續努力！
13. 【舊問題：你能列舉附加名稱中包含「意大利」字眼的古典音樂作品嗎？各是誰的作品和哪國人？】(貼於2015.1.16)
多謝 傑標 (請你留言Message #49) 試答！他的答案：附加名稱中包含意大利字眼的古典音樂作品有: 孟德爾遜的第四交響曲「意大利」 我的回應：你答對了最著名的其中一部！另還有兩部相當著名、附加別名中包含「意大利」字眼的作品：一是俄國作曲家柴可夫斯基（Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893）的《意大利隨想曲》（Capriccio italien），二是德國作曲家巴哈（Bach, 1685-1750）的《意大利協奏曲》（Italian concerto）。此外，還有兩部較少人知的、都是奧國作曲家佛爾富（Hugo Wolf, 1860-1903）的作品：《意大利小夜曲》（Italienische Serenade）及《意大利歌集》（Italienisches Lieder buch）。所以，連同Mendelssohn的《意大利交響曲》合共有五部。
多謝 雅文 (請你留言Message #46) 試答！她的答案：羅伯特‧亞歷山大‧舒曼，（德語：Robert Alexander Schumann，1810-1856) 第一號交響曲《春天》Symphony No. 1 has four movements:
我的回應：不得不讚賞你的答案的完美！
多謝 Grace (請你留言Message #42) 試答！她的答案：The Heiligenstadt Testament is a letter by Ludwig van Beethoven to his two brothers Carl and Johann. It was written at Heiligenstadt (today part of Vienna) on 6th October 1802 and an addendum on 10th October 1802.
It talked about his increasing deafness and his desire to overcome it to complete his artistic destiny. However, this letter was never sent to them. It was hidden among his private papers for the rest of his life until March 1827. It was discovered among his papers by Anton Schindler and Stephan von Breuning after Beethoven's death. They later published it (the Original) in October 1827 (in German).
The English translation of his letter (from its Original German) was done by an unknown translator. Its content is as followed:-
For my brothers Carl and [Johann] Beethoven
我的回應：Indisputably relevant and accurate! What a pity that the entry allowance is not big enough to include the whole of the Beethoven's letter in your answer!
(Thank Grace for her later supplement messages to complete the Beethoven's letter of the so-called Heiligenstadt Testament! Thus the complete version of the English translation can now be posted below:
For my brothers Carl and [Johann] Beethoven
Heiligenstadt, October 10, 1802, thus do I take my farewell of thee - and indeed sadly - yes that beloved hope - which I brought with me when I came here to be cured at least in a degree - I must wholly abandon, as the leaves of autumn fall and are withered so hope has been blighted, almost as I came - I go away - even the high courage - which often inspired me in the beautiful days of summer - has disappeared - O Providence - grant me at least but one day of pure joy - it is so long since real joy echoed in my heart - O when - O when, O Divine One - shall I find it again in the temple of nature and of men - Never? no - O that would be too hard.) 多謝 美儀 (請你留言Message #40) 試答！她的答案：著名的《Peter and the Wolf》是Sergei Prokofiev在1936年的作品
我的回應：表現甚佳！少少補充：我相信你答代表Peter的各個樂器是指"strings of the orchestra"，對嗎？
多謝 國樂 (請你留言Message #38) 試答！他的答案：著名的《動物嘉年華會》（Carnaval des Animaux）是Camille Saint-Saens1886的作品, He was French. 作品中代表:-
我的回應：無可挑剔的正確答案！
多謝 Andrea (請你留言Message #34) 及 善意 (請你留言Message #35) 試答！
Andrea的答案：Altogether there are “4” Piano concertos composed by the famous Russian - Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873-1943).
善意的答案：源自Andrea的披露 證明俄羅斯作曲家拉赫曼尼諾夫（Rachmaninov, 1873-1943）
作有4部鋼琴協奏曲;
我的回應：
To Andrea: Thank you again for your elaborate answer! You are so fantastic to present a lot of supporting evidence for your statement. However, I am really confused by your different specifications to the terms of "most popular" and "most frequently performed". I would rather take these two descriptive terms almost the same significance, i.e., the most popular concerto being also the one most frequently performed. So I prefer to say that Rachmaninov's 2nd Piano Concerto in C minor is his most famous, most popular as well as most frequently performed one, while his 3rd Piano Concerto in D minor is the second.
To善意：全中！ 多謝 穩健 (請你留言Message #30) 試答！他的答案：交響曲之父海頓（Joseph Haydn, 1732-1809）的104部交響曲中
我的回應：You are wonderful!
無人試答，可惜！答案：海頓（Haydn, 1732-1809）、舒曼（Schumann, 1810-1856）、德伏扎克（Dvorak, 1841-1904）、聖桑（Saint-Saens, 1835-1921）。
多謝 樂意 (請你留言Message #22) 試答！他的答案：在莫扎特的「全部」27部鋼琴協奏曲中
我的回應：完全正確！獎你100分！
多謝 William (請你留言Message #19) 試答！他的答案：Shakespeare's “Romeo and Juliet” was so romantic thus attracted 15 Composers of different Nationalities to have composed awesome Ballet, Film, Opera and Orchestral Program Music. They are:-
我的回應：Your comprehensive answer is really amazing! I am not capable to verify every detail of your answer, but your answer would be clearer if the music categories of some of the works you list could also be specified. To state the now still popular and frequently played ones, I would mention the following four:
多謝 Honey Bee (請你留言Message #17) 試答！他的答案：Beethoven's Opus one is his "Three Piano Trios", a chamber music played by a pianist, a violinist and a cellist,
我的回應：Exactly and surprisingly to know that the related essays of mine have been thoroughly read by you!
多謝 Frank (請你留言Message #15) 試答！他的答案：
我的回應：Your answer is so perfect that there could not be another better than yours!
多謝 Melody (請你留言Message #13) 試答！他的答案：The two Pathetique are
我的回應：You are excellent! Totally correct!
孟德爾遜Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy是德國人，(a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period.) (He was born into a Jewish family, a grandson of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.)
他在1809年誕生於漢堡一傑出 富裕的銀行家家庭。他一生都沒有吃到苦頭，
他在1847年逝於萊比錫，享年38歲的短壽，但可能是音樂家裡最幸福的一位。
他的第四交響曲A大調「意大利」是他24歲在意大利旅行時, 就開始著手寫作的，作品在1833年完成於柏林(Berlin, Capital of Germany)。內容是描寫他在旅行經歷羅馬等地時，他對羅馬等地的狂歡節的印象所產生的回憶作，樂曲愉快又幽默，是他的交響曲當中最受歡迎的。這作品是他以抒情與狂熱猛進躍動的節奏、自始至終以大調與小調之交錯來表現出明暗。他除在終樂章 (第4樂章 薩塔瑞舞曲（Saltarello; Presto）：急板a小調，4/4拍子。自由的輪旋曲式。)使用意大利的薩塔瑞舞曲外，其他就沒有具體的意大利音樂素材，也沒有標題音樂要素。
12. 【舊問題：以下是舒曼（Schumann, 1810-1856）的第一交響曲的四個樂章的速度標示（tempo indication）：
(Schumann, 1810-1856)
I Andante un poco maestoso - Allegro molto vivace
II Larghetto
III Scherzo: Molto vivace
IV Allegro animato e grazioso
你能換以中文寫出這四個樂章的速度標示嗎？】(貼於2015.1.11)
1.Andante un poco maestoso – Allegro molto vivace (B flat major)
降B大調第一樂章: 略帶莊嚴的行板-----充滿活力的快板,
2.Larghetto (E flat major)
降E大調第二樂章: 甚緩板, (很像一首無言歌的緩慢的第二樂章), 是浪漫春天黃昏的一幅寧靜畫面。
3.Scherzo: Molto vivace – Trio I: Molto piu vivace – Trio II (G minor)
G小調第三樂章: 詼諧曲—非常活潑, (在短暫停頓之後, 詼諧曲突然出現, 它以堅定的情緒承接上一樂章節尾的長號陳述)。
4.Allegro animato e grazioso (B flat major)
降B大調第四樂章: 高雅有生氣的快板.
11. 【舊問題：你知道《海里金史塔特遺書》（Heiligenstadt Testament）是甚麼一回事嗎？】(貼於2015.1.8)
(Beethoven, 1770-1827)
O you men who think or say that I am malevolent, stubborn or misanthropic, how greatly do you wrong me, you do not know the secret causes of my seeming, from childhood my heart and mind were disposed to the gentle feelings of good will, I was even ever eager to accomplish great deeds, but reflect now that for six years I have been a hopeless case, aggravated by senseless physicians, cheated year after year in the hope of improvement, finally compelled to face the prospect of a lasting malady (whose cure will take years or, perhaps, be impossible), born with an ardent and lively temperament, even susceptible to the diversions of society, I was compelled early to isolate myself, to live in loneliness, when I at times tried to forget all this, O how harshly was I repulsed by the doubly sad experience of my bad hearing, and yet it was impossible for me to say to men speak louder, shout, for I am deaf. Ah how could I possibly admit such an infirmity in the one sense which should have been more perfect in me than in others, a sense which I once possessed in highest perfection, a perfection such as few surely in my profession enjoy or have enjoyed - O I cannot do it, therefore forgive me when you see me draw back when I would gladly mingle with you, my misfortune is doubly painful because it must lead to my being misunderstood, for me there can be no recreations in society of my fellows, refined intercourse, mutual exchange of thought, only just as little as the greatest needs command disposition, although I sometimes ran counter to it yielding to my inclination for society, but what a humiliation when one stood beside me and heard a flute in the distance and I heard nothing, or someone heard the shepherd singing and again I heard nothing, such incidents brought me to the verge of despair, but little more and I would have put an end to my life - only art it was that withheld me, ah it seemed impossible to leave the world until I had produced all that I felt called upon me to produce, and so I endured this wretched existence - truly wretched, an excitable body which a sudden change can throw from the best into the worst state - Patience - it is said that I must now choose for my guide, I have done so, I hope my determination will remain
O you men who think or say that I am malevolent, stubborn or misanthropic, how greatly do you wrong me, you do not know the secret causes of my seeming, from childhood my heart and mind were disposed to the gentle feelings of good will, I was even ever eager to accomplish great deeds, but reflect now that for six years I have been a hopeless case, aggravated by senseless physicians, cheated year after year in the hope of improvement, finally compelled to face the prospect of a lasting malady (whose cure will take years or, perhaps, be impossible), born with an ardent and lively temperament, even susceptible to the diversions of society, I was compelled early to isolate myself, to live in loneliness, when I at times tried to forget all this, O how harshly was I repulsed by the doubly sad experience of my bad hearing, and yet it was impossible for me to say to men speak louder, shout, for I am deaf. Ah how could I possibly admit such an infirmity in the one sense which should have been more perfect in me than in others, a sense which I once possessed in highest perfection, a perfection such as few surely in my profession enjoy or have enjoyed - O I cannot do it, therefore forgive me when you see me draw back when I would gladly mingle with you, my misfortune is doubly painful because it must lead to my being misunderstood, for me there can be no recreations in society of my fellows, refined intercourse, mutual exchange of thought, only just as little as the greatest needs command disposition, although I sometimes ran counter to it yielding to my inclination for society, but what a humiliation when one stood beside me and heard a flute in the distance and I heard nothing, or someone heard the shepherd singing and again I heard nothing, such incidents brought me to the verge of despair, but little more and I would have put an end to my life - only art it was that withheld me, ah it seemed impossible to leave the world until I had produced all that I felt called upon me to produce, and so I endured this wretched existence - truly wretched, an excitable body which a sudden change can throw from the best into the worst state - Patience - it is said that I must now choose for my guide, I have done so, I hope my determination will remain firm to endure until it please the inexorable parcae to break the thread, perhaps I shall get better, perhaps not, I am prepared. Forced already in my 28th year to become a philosopher, O it is not easy, less easy for the artist than for anyone else - Divine One thou lookest into my inmost soul, thou knowest it, thou knowest that love of man and desire to do good live therein. O men, when some day you read these words, reflect that you did me wrong and let the unfortunate one comfort himself and find one of his kind who despite all obstacles of nature yet did all that was in his power to be accepted among worthy artists and men. You my brothers Carl and [Johann] as soon as I am dead if Dr. Schmid is still alive ask him in my name to describe my malady and attach this document to the history of my illness so that so far as possible at least the world may become reconciled with me after my death. At the same time I declare you two to be the heirs to my small fortune (if so it can be called), divide it fairly, bear with and help each other, what injury you have done me you know was long ago forgiven. To you brother Carl I give special thanks for the attachment you have displayed towards me of late. It is my wish that your lives be better and freer from care than I have had, recommend virtue to your children, it alone can give happiness, not money, I speak from experience, it was virtue that upheld me in misery, to it next to my art I owe the fact that I did not end my life with suicide. - Farewell and love each other - I thank all my friends, particularly Prince Lichnowsky and Professor Schmid – I desire that the instruments from Prince L. be preserved by one of you but let no quarrel result from this, so soon as they can serve you better purpose sell them, how glad will I be if I can still be helpful to you in my grave - with joy I hasten towards death - if it comes before I shall have had an opportunity to show all my artistic capacities it will still come too early for me despite my hard fate and I shall probably wish it had come later - but even then I am satisfied, will it not free me from my state of endless suffering? Come when thou will I shall meet thee bravely. - Farewell and do not wholly forget me when I am dead, I deserve this of you in having often in life thought of you how to make you happy, be so -
Heiligenstadt
October 6,1802 Ludwig van Beethoven
For my brothers Carl and [Johann]
to be read and executed after my death.
10. 【舊問題：著名的寫給兒童的音樂故事《彼得與狼》（Peter and the Wolf, a musical tale for children）是誰的作品？哪一國人？用以代表下列角色的是甚麼樂器：Peter, wolf, bird, duck, cat, grandfather, gunshots？】(貼於2015.1.5)
(Prokofiev, 1891-1953)
他是Russian 人
作品中代表:-
Peter的樂器是: violin, viola, cello, and bass
Wolf的樂器是: French horns
Bird的樂器是: flute
Duck的樂器是: oboe
Cat的樂器是: clarinet
Grandfather的樂器是: bassoon
gunshots 的樂器是: timpani and bass drum
9, 【舊問題：著名的《動物嘉年華會》（Carnaval des Animaux）是誰的作品？哪一國人？這部作品中代表下面各動物的樂器是甚麼：lion, elephant, kangaroos, swan？】(貼於2014.12.30)
(Saint-Saens, 1835-1921)
Lion的樂器是Strings and 2 pianos
Elephant-的樂器是Double bass and piano
Kangaroos的樂器是Two pianos
Swan的樂器是-Two pianos and a cello
8. 【舊問題：俄羅斯作曲家拉赫曼尼諾夫（Rachmaninov, 1873-1943）作有多少部鋼琴協奏曲？最著名和經常演奏的是那一部？其次是那一部？】(貼於2014.12.25)
(Rachmaninov, 1873-1943)
1. Concertos Piano Concerto No. 1 in F# minor (F Sharp minor).
2. Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor ‧
3. Piano Concerto No. 3 in D minor ‧ and the
4. Piano Concerto No. 4 in G minor ‧
‧ Piano Concerto No. 3 in D minor is the most popular
‧ Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor is the most frequently performed.
The reasons are:-
‧ “Third concerto No. 3 in D minor, Op. 30” became popular as it has the reputation of being one of the most technically challenging piano concertos in the standard classical repertoire.)
whereas
‧ Concerto No. 2 in C minor has often been used & played in the American popular songs & soundtracks such as:-
1. The song "I Think of You" from Frank Sinatra's album "Where Are You?"
2. Frank Sinatra's 1946 single "Full Moon and Empty Arms"
3. Eric Carmen's first two solo singles, "All by Myself" and "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again",
4. songs "Space Dementia", "Blackout" and "Butterflies and Hurricanes" by Matthew Bellamy of Muse..
‧ In the beginning of the fourth act of the 1943 novel “The Fountainhead”, The soundtrack of the 1945 film “Brief Encounter”
‧ In the 1955 comedy “The Seven Year Itch”, the protagonist (played by Actor Tom Ewell) fantasizes about seducing Marilyn
Monroe's character by playing the second piano concerto.
‧ The 1953 film The Story of Three Loves,
‧ The 1980 drama “Somewhere In Time” and
‧ The 1993 comedy “Groundhog Day”.
‧ In the 1982 Italian comedy “Bingo Bongo”,
Therefore
Piano Concerto No. 3 in D minor is the most popular
while
Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor is the most frequently performed.
1. Concertos Piano Concerto No. 1 in F Sharp minor.
2. Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor ‧
3. Piano Concerto No. 3 in D minor ‧
4. Piano Concerto No. 4 in G minor ‧
最著名和經常演奏的是Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor
其次是Piano Concerto No. 3 in D minor
7. 【舊問題：交響曲之父海頓（Haydn, 1732-1809）共作有104部交響曲。你能說出他第100號及以後的交響曲中附有名稱的是那幾部交響曲嗎（第幾號及名稱）？】(貼於2014.12.21)
(Haydn, 1732-1809)
他的第100號交響曲名稱是Military
他的第101號交響曲名稱是Clock
他的第103號交響曲名稱是Drumroll
他的第104號交響曲名稱是London
(Saint-Saens, 1835-1921)
(Dvorak, 1841-1904)
(Schumann, 1810-1856)
6. 【舊問題：只有少數作曲家「全」作有三大類協奏曲：鋼琴協奏曲、小提琴協奏曲、大提琴協奏曲。你能指出下列名字中全作有這三大類協奏曲的作曲家嗎：貝多芬（Beethoven）、莫扎特（Mozart）、海頓（Haydn）、舒曼（Schumann）、孟德爾遜（Mendelssohn）、布拉姆斯（Brahms）、德伏扎克（Dvorak）、聖桑（Saint-Saens）、艾爾加（Elgar）、柴可夫斯基（Tchaikovsky）、西貝流士（Sibelius）？】(貼於2014.12.13)
(Haydn, 1732-1809)
5. 【舊問題：莫扎特的「全部」鋼琴協奏曲中，有兩部是「非一般」的鋼琴協奏曲。你能指出是那兩部嗎？它們各特別在甚麼地方？】(貼於2014.12.5)
(Mozart, 1756-1791)
‧ Concertos 7 in F major and
‧ Concertos 10 in E-flat major
是兩部「非一般」的鋼琴協奏曲。
它們各特別在
1. “Concertos 7 in F major” 是for Three Pianos協奏的,
2. “Concertos 10 in E-flat major” 是for Two Pianos協奏的,
它們那透心暖意的音樂旋律輕快活潑，舒心愉快，甜蜜醉人。
(Prokofiev, 1891-1953)
(Berlioz, 1803-1869)
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893)
4. 【舊問題：多位作曲家曾以莎士比亞的《羅密歐與朱麗葉》(Romeo and Juliet)為題創作樂曲。你能一一列出他們的作品（作曲者及作品）嗎？】(貼於2014.12.1)
(Gounod, 1818-1893)
1. Bellini: I Capuleti e i Montecchi by Anna Netrebko in 1830
2. Berlioz: Romeo et Juliet; Les Nuits d'ete by Hector Berlioz in 1839
3. Victorian Concert Overture by Macfarren in Mid 1860
4. Gounod: Romeo Et Juliette by Alain Lombard in 1867
5. Sarasate: Music for Violin & Orchestra, Vol. 2 - Fantasies on Carmen and Romeo et Juliette by Tianwa Yang
6. Norwegian Rhapsodies Nos. 1-4 by Svendsen in 1876
7. Raff: Symphony No. 2 / Macbeth / Romeo And Juliet by Urs Schneider in 1879
8. Fantasias After Shakespeare by P.I. Tchaikovsky in 1880
9. 9. Village Romeo & Juliet by Frederick Delius in 1907
10. 2 Romeo och Julia by Wilhelm Stenhammar (Sterling) in 1922
11. Orchestral Works by C. Lambert in 1924,
12. Romeo & Juliet by S. Prokofiev in 1935
13. Lyatoshinsky: Symphony No. 3, Romeo and Juliet Suite by Boris Lyatoshinsky in 1954
14. Kabalevsky: Romeo & Juliet / Colas Breugnon / The Comedians by Dmitry Kabalevsky in 1956
15. Romeo & Juliet by Nino Rota in 1968
1. Gounod's Opera;
2. Tchaikovsky's Fantasy Overture;
3. Berlioz's Symphony; and
4. Prokofiev's Ballet.
3. 【舊問題：你知道貝多芬（Beethoven, 1770-1827）作品編號1（Opus 1）的作品是那一部嗎？】(貼於2014.11.30)
(Beethoven, 1770-1827)
in E flat major,
in G major and
in C minor.
Its first movement is written in the sonata form and the final movement a rondo.
My answer is extracted from “MY VOICE” on your very Webpage:-
-the “4th essay”; “4. The Easy and Delightful Listening to the Piano Trios of Beethoven” (Written on November 26, 2008)
and
-the “20th essay”; “20. Beethoven's Delightful and Relaxing Piano Trios, Opus One” (Written on March 21, 2010)
2. 【舊問題：貝多芬有多部附有名稱的交響曲，不過，不全都是貝多芬自己命名的。你知道那些交響曲是貝多芬自己命名的嗎？】(貼於2014.11.28)
(Beethoven, 1770-1827)
1. The Third Symphony in E flat, (Eroica) and
2. The Sixth Symphony, (Pastoral)
were Beethoven's two symphonies (out of all the nine) named by him personally. To further characterize "Pastoral", Beethoven distinctively described each of its movements as followed:-
‧First movement: Awakening of cheerful feelings upon arrival in the country.
‧Second movement: Scene by the brook.
‧Third movement: Merry gathering of country folk.
‧Fourth movement: Thunder, storm.
‧Fifth movement: Shepherd's song: Happy and thankful feelings after the storm.
(Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893)
1. 【舊問題：你能說出附有「悲愴」（Pathetique）名稱的兩部古典音樂作品（作曲者及作品）嗎？】(貼於2014.11.27)
(Beethoven, 1770-1827)
‧Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No.8 in c minor
and
‧Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Symphony No.6 in b minor
These sorts of great work contain a complex texturing of emotion – sorrow leavened with hope and happiness tinge with a foreboding of despair.